Surveying Fieldwork Basics
55 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Field notes constitute the only reliable and permanent record of actual work done in the field.

True (A)

Inaccurate or incomplete field notes can result in wasted time, money, and effort in data gathering.

True (A)

The quality of field work is reflected directly in the manner in which field notes are kept.

True (A)

Which of the following is NOT a type of field note?

<p>Documentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five main types of field notes?

<p>The five main types of field notes are sketches, tabulations, explanatory notes, computations, and combination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically included in a field book?

<p>Client's contact information (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To eliminate common mistakes in note-keeping, it is recommended to use a soft pencil for recording.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Recording data directly in the field book immediately after a measurement is preferred.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure for correcting a mistake in field notes?

<p>If a number has been recorded incorrectly, draw a single line through it without destroying its legibility and write the correct value above the mistake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is acceptable to erase recorded data in a field book.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crowding observed data in field notes is encouraged to save space.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using a straight edge for ruling lines in field notes helps maintain accuracy and clarity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sketches are preferred over tabulations to avoid misinterpretation of data.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

North should be indicated at the top of the page of the field book for all sketches.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tabulated values should be lined up vertically, including the decimal point and digits.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Computations made in the field should be recorded in a separate notebook for later review.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each page of the field book should be numbered.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of numbering each page in the field book?

<p>Numbering each page of the field book ensures a clear sequence of recorded data, avoiding confusion and maintaining a consistent record of observations made during the survey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a member of a typical survey party?

<p>Surveyor (M)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a flagman in a survey party?

<p>The flagman is responsible for guiding the instrument man and assisting with line of sight during the survey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rodman in a survey party?

<p>The rodman is responsible for holding the leveling rod steady, providing a reference point for the instrument man to take measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Survey hand signals are used primarily for communicating warnings and instructions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Survey hand signals are used to avoid verbal communication in the field due to distance, noise, and wind conditions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary reasons why survey hand signals are used in the field?

<p>Survey hand signals are used to avoid verbal communication in the field due to distance, wind conditions, and surrounding noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the survey hand signals with their corresponding meanings:

<p>One finger extended horizontally = One Two fingers extended horizontally = Two Three fingers extended horizontally = Three Left hand raised vertically = Four Left hand held horizontally = Five Both hands held horizontally = Six Both arms held horizontally = Seven Right hand extended vertically = Eight Both arms extended vertically = Nine Arms crossed at the chest = Zero A waving hand = Decimal Point Pointing with two fingers = Move in this direction Right hand raised vertically = Give me a backsight Both arms raised vertically = Move forward Right hand pointing forward = Face the rod Right hand pointing backward = Move back Left hand pointing downward = Lower the end of a tape Left hand pointing upward = Raise the end of a tape One hand extended forward, palm facing outward = Come in Both arms extended horizontally = Establish a turning point Rodman pointed to the right/left = Plumb the rod Rodman waved a rod = Wave the rod Right hand pointing upward = Reverse the rod Right hand pointed vertically, two fingers extended = Use the long rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is important to be familiar with handling and caring for surveying instruments.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Always use a surveying instrument if it's raining or snowing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is crucial to check a surveying instrument's functionality before and after field work.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is safe to leave a surveying instrument sitting on unstable ground while in use.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a surveying instrument gets wet, you should immediately place it back in its container.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is considered acceptable to play with a surveying instrument as long as you don't damage it.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When transporting survey equipment, always ensure the instrument is securely fastened.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geomatics is a science concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, and management, retrieval, and display of spatial information pertaining to the Earth's physical features.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geomatics encompasses disciplines like surveying, geodesy, remote sensing, photogrammetry, cartography, geographic information systems, and global positioning systems.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The traditional definition of surveying is considered the most comprehensive definition in modern times.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The modern definition of surveying encompasses the determination of angular and linear measurements to establish the form, extent, and relative positioning of points, lines, and areas on the Earth's surface.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ancient Babylonians used surveying techniques in building structures.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The construction of the Great Pyramid in Egypt is a prominent example of the advanced surveying techniques applied in ancient times.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with first calculating the circumference of the Earth?

<p>Eratosthenes is credited with first calculating the circumference of the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The military requirements of World Wars I and II spurred advancements in surveying equipment and techniques.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surveying plays a role in the establishment of land boundaries.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surveying is used in charting coastlines and navigable waterways.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surveying plays a role in collecting data related to the Earth's magnetism.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of surveying?

<p>The two main categories of surveying are Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveying.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plane Surveying is a type of surveying where the Earth's surface is considered as a plane.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geodetic Surveying accounts for the Earth's true shape.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Control Survey?

<p>A Control Survey is performed to establish the horizontal and vertical positions of reference points in a given area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Property Surveys are used to determine the boundaries of properties, including the lengths and directions of lot lines.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Topographic Surveys are employed to gather data for creating topographic maps.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a Hydrographic Survey?

<p>To survey bodies of water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mine Surveys are used to map underground and surface works related to mining operations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Route Surveys are used to plan and design transportation infrastructure.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Construction Surveys are performed to guide and monitor public and private engineering projects.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Photogrammetric Surveys employ photographs to determine the position of objects.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main types of surveying equipment mentioned in the text?

<p>The four main types of surveying equipment mentioned in the text are Total Station Systems, Digital Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Satellite Positioning Systems, and Geographic and Land Information Systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Geomatics

The science of measuring, representing, analyzing, managing, retrieving, and displaying spatial information.

Traditional Geomatics

The art of making measurements of the relative positions of natural and man-made features on the earth's surface, and the presentation of this information either graphically or numerically.

Modern Geomatics

The art and science of determining angular and linear measurements to establish the form, extent, and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or near the surface of the earth or on other extraterrestrial bodies through applied mathematics and the use of specialized equipment and techniques.

Field Notes

Official record of surveying activities, including sketches, tabulations, explanatory notes, computations, and combinations of these.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Recording Observed Data

Field notes should be consistent, written with a sharp pencil, recorded directly in the field book, and not erased.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Correcting Mistakes in Field Notes

A line run through a mistake to make it visible but not erase it. The correct data is written above.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deleting Field Notes Pages

If an entire page of field notes is to be discarded, diagonal lines are drawn from opposite corners and "VOID" is written.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Avoiding Misinterpretation

Sketches, tabulations, and explanatory notes should be used to avoid misinterpretation of data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sketching and Tabulating

North should be at the top of the page for all sketches, with a meridian arrow. Tabulated values should be aligned vertically.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Recording Field Computations

Computations made in the field should be recorded in the field book for later checking. This helps determine if observations need to be repeated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Numbering Field Notebook Pages

Every page of the field notebook should be numbered to maintain the correct sequence of recorded data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Survey Party

Survey Party members and their responsibilities. Includes Chief of Party, Assistant Chief of Party, Instrument Man, etc.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Survey Hand Signals

Gestures or motions used to convey information or give commands, directions, or warnings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Care and Handling of Instruments

Always place instruments on stable ground, store them properly in their containers, and check their functionality before and after use.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Caring for Wet Instruments

Instruments should be dried carefully after being wet. Avoid playing with them and ensure they are secure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plane Surveying

The type of surveying where the earth's surface is considered a plane, neglecting its curvature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Geodetic Surveying

The type of surveying that takes into account the true shape of the earth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Control Survey

Establishing the horizontal and vertical positions of arbitrary points.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Property Survey

Determining the length and direction of lot lines and establishing their position on the ground.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Topographic Survey

Securing data to create a topographic map, which shows the configuration of the terrain and locations of natural and human-made objects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hydrographic Survey

Surveys of bodies of water for purposes such as navigation, water supply, or underwater construction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mine Survey

Using surveying principles for land, geologic, and topographic surveys to control, locate, and map underground and surface works related to mining operations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Route Survey

Surveys for locating and constructing lines of transportation and other infrastructure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Construction Survey

Surveying that lays out, locates, and monitors public and private engineering constructions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Photogrammetric Survey

Measurements made from photographs to determine the positions of objects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Level Surface

A curved surface where every point is normal to a line pointing towards the Earth's center of gravity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Zenith

The direction away from the center of the Earth and above the observer's head.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nadir

The direction towards the center of the Earth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Surveying Fieldwork

  • Field notes are the only reliable and permanent record of fieldwork.
  • Inaccurate or incomplete notes waste time, money, and effort.
  • The quality of fieldwork is directly reflected in the field record's keeping.
  • Field notes become the official record of the survey.

Types of Field Notes

  • Sketches
  • Tabulations
  • Explanatory notes
  • Computations
  • Combination

Information Found in Fieldbooks

  • Title or Name of the Project
  • Time of Day and Date
  • Weather Conditions
  • Names of Group Members and their designations
  • List of Equipment

Recording Observed Data

  • Follow a consistent, simple writing style.
  • Use a sharp pencil.
  • Record data directly in the field book after measurement, not on scratch paper.
  • Do not erase recorded data. If incorrect, put a line through it and write the correct value above it. If the whole page is incorrect, draw diagonal lines and label "VOID".
  • Avoid crowding the data.
  • Bring a straight edge for ruling lines and a small protractor for angles.
  • Use sketches and explanatory notes to avoid misinterpretation of data.
  • Indicate north on the page and draw a meridian arrow for sketches.
  • Keep tabulated values within columns, aligning the decimal point and digits vertically.
  • Ensure data precision matches reality.
  • Record computations in the field notebook for later checks.
  • Ensure every page is numbered for correct data sequence.

Survey Party

  • Chief of Party
  • Assistant Chief of Party
  • Instrument man
  • Technician
  • Data processor
  • Recorder
  • Head Tapeman
  • Rear Tapeman
  • Flagman
  • Rodman
  • Pacer
  • Axeman or Lineman
  • Aidman
  • Utilitymen

Survey Hand Signals

  • Signals use arm and hand motions to convey information, commands, directions, or warnings.
  • They are often used when verbal communication is difficult due to distance, wind, or noise.

Survey Hand Signals (Details)

(Illustrated notes, likely with diagrams or pictures, not included here)

  • Illustrated guide to hand signals for specific numbers (1-9).

Care and Handling of Instruments

  • Know how to use instruments.
  • Place them on stable ground when used.
  • Store properly in containers.
  • Don't use them in unsuitable weather.
  • Check functionality before and after fieldwork.
  • Carefully dry wet instruments before storing.
  • Be mindful of surroundings while transporting.
  • Avoid playing with the instruments.
  • Ensure secure transportation of instruments.

Geomatics

  • The science of measuring, representing, analyzing, managing, retrieving, and displaying spatial information, including Earth's physical features and built environments.

Geomatics Disciplines

  • Surveying
  • Geodesy
  • Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry
  • Cartography
  • Geographic Information Systems
  • Global Positioning Systems

Geomatics (Traditional Definition)

  • The art of measuring and recording relative positions of natural and man-made features on Earth's surface, presenting it graphically or numerically.

Geomatics (Modern Definition)

  • The art and science of determining angular and linear measurements to define the form, extent, and relative positions of points, lines, and areas on or near Earth's surface (or other bodies) using applied mathematics and specialized equipment/techniques.

History of Surveying (Examples)

  • Babylon (ancient surveying/record-keeping methods illustrated)
  • Egypt (ancient surveying/record-keeping methods illustrated)
  • Eratosthenes (ancient Greek scientist who measured Earth's circumference illustrated).

Other (Quotes and Motivations)

  • "What can be mapped, could be ruled."
  • Military requirements from World Wars I and II spurred improvements in surveying equipment and techniques.

Uses of Survey

  • Establishing land boundaries
  • Fixing national/state boundaries
  • Charting coastlines and navigable water bodies
  • Precisely locating reference points
  • Collecting data on Earth's magnetism

Types of Surveys

  • Control Surveys (establishing horizontal and vertical positions of arbitrary points).
  • Property Surveys (determining lot lines and their positions).
  • Topographic Surveys (creating topographic maps of terrain and features).
  • Hydrographic Surveys (surveys of water bodies for navigation, water supply, or subaqueous construction).
  • Mine Surveys (locating underground and surface works linked to mining).
  • Route Surveys (planning and constructing transportation lines).
  • Construction Surveys (laying out, locating, and monitoring engineering works).
  • Photogrammetric Surveys (using photographs to determine object positions)

Definitions of Terms

  • Level surface (curved surface normal to gravity line)
  • Zenith (direction from center of Earth above observer)
  • Nadir (direction from center of Earth below observer)
  • Horizontal plane (tangent to the level surface at a point)
  • Horizontal line (tangent to the level surface)
  • Horizontal angle (angle formed by intersecting horizontal lines).
  • Vertical line (perpendicular to the horizontal plane)
  • Vertical plane (plane that contains a vertical line)
  • Vertical angle (angle formed by two intersecting vertical lines)
  • Zenith angle (angle formed by lines directed toward and away from the zenith).
  • Nadir angle (angle formed by lines directed toward and away from the nadir).
  • Horizontal distances (distances along a level line)
  • Elevation of a point (vertical distance relative to datum).
  • Contour (imaginary line of constant elevation)
  • Difference in elevation (vertical distance between two points).
  • Levelling (method for measuring difference in elevation)
  • Grade/Gradient of a line (slope of a line)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Surveying Fieldwork PDF

Description

This quiz covers the essential practices and types of field notes used in surveying fieldwork. You will learn about recording observed data accurately and the importance of maintaining complete and reliable field records. Test your understanding of effective fieldwork techniques and documentation standards.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser