Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the main reasons for performing a survey?
What is one of the main reasons for performing a survey?
Eating and drinking in the laboratory is allowed to ensure comfort.
Eating and drinking in the laboratory is allowed to ensure comfort.
False
What should you do if you find damaged surveying equipment?
What should you do if you find damaged surveying equipment?
Report it to supervisors.
In a control survey, the main purpose is to establish __________ for preliminary and construction surveys.
In a control survey, the main purpose is to establish __________ for preliminary and construction surveys.
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Match the types of surveys with their purposes:
Match the types of surveys with their purposes:
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What should you be familiar with in respect to emergency procedures?
What should you be familiar with in respect to emergency procedures?
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Eyewash stations are not necessary in the laboratory if chemicals are handled carefully.
Eyewash stations are not necessary in the laboratory if chemicals are handled carefully.
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Name one direct positioning technique used in surveying.
Name one direct positioning technique used in surveying.
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Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the chief party in a survey team?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the chief party in a survey team?
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Battery safety is one of the considerations in instrument safety.
Battery safety is one of the considerations in instrument safety.
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What should be done to ensure data integrity during fieldwork?
What should be done to ensure data integrity during fieldwork?
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The person responsible for the accuracy and speed of linear measurements with tape is called the ______.
The person responsible for the accuracy and speed of linear measurements with tape is called the ______.
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Match the survey party roles with their responsibilities:
Match the survey party roles with their responsibilities:
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Which personal protective equipment is NOT generally required in fieldwork?
Which personal protective equipment is NOT generally required in fieldwork?
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Respecting property rights includes obtaining permission to access private properties.
Respecting property rights includes obtaining permission to access private properties.
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What is essential to minimize during fieldwork according to environmental considerations?
What is essential to minimize during fieldwork according to environmental considerations?
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What is the purpose of the stadia method?
What is the purpose of the stadia method?
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An odometer is used for precise measurements of vertical distances.
An odometer is used for precise measurements of vertical distances.
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What type of error arises from human limitations and senses?
What type of error arises from human limitations and senses?
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A ___________ is more portable and serves as a self-contained measuring device used for determining distances.
A ___________ is more portable and serves as a self-contained measuring device used for determining distances.
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Match the following types of error with their descriptions:
Match the following types of error with their descriptions:
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What instrument is used for fast and accurate measurement of horizontal distances?
What instrument is used for fast and accurate measurement of horizontal distances?
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Random errors can be eliminated completely in measurements.
Random errors can be eliminated completely in measurements.
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What device can be mounted on a small tripod and is used to determine distances approximately by focusing?
What device can be mounted on a small tripod and is used to determine distances approximately by focusing?
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What is the primary purpose of a Range Pole?
What is the primary purpose of a Range Pole?
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Plumb bobs are used to establish horizontal lines.
Plumb bobs are used to establish horizontal lines.
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What are Taping Pins also known as?
What are Taping Pins also known as?
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Woven tapes can be either metallic or __________.
Woven tapes can be either metallic or __________.
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Match the following tools with their uses:
Match the following tools with their uses:
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What material are nonmetallic woven tapes typically made from?
What material are nonmetallic woven tapes typically made from?
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A Hand Level is used primarily for measuring distances accurately.
A Hand Level is used primarily for measuring distances accurately.
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Describe one use of Steel Tapes.
Describe one use of Steel Tapes.
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Taping Pins are used for marking the ends of tapes or intermediate __________.
Taping Pins are used for marking the ends of tapes or intermediate __________.
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Match the following tapes with their characteristics:
Match the following tapes with their characteristics:
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What type of error is caused by variations in natural factors such as wind and temperature?
What type of error is caused by variations in natural factors such as wind and temperature?
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Accuracy is defined as the consistency and refinement of a measurement.
Accuracy is defined as the consistency and refinement of a measurement.
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What should be added if the actual tape length is longer than the standard tape length in distance correction?
What should be added if the actual tape length is longer than the standard tape length in distance correction?
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The coefficient of linear expansion for steel is ______ per degree Celsius.
The coefficient of linear expansion for steel is ______ per degree Celsius.
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Match the following types of errors/corrections with their definitions:
Match the following types of errors/corrections with their definitions:
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What happens to a steel tape's length as the temperature rises?
What happens to a steel tape's length as the temperature rises?
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If a tape standardizes at a temperature of 20°C, it would completely eliminate errors when measuring at this temperature.
If a tape standardizes at a temperature of 20°C, it would completely eliminate errors when measuring at this temperature.
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In the example with the 100m steel tape, what is the corrected distance after applying the total correction?
In the example with the 100m steel tape, what is the corrected distance after applying the total correction?
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Study Notes
FIELD WORK SAFETY RULES
- Traffic Safety: Be aware of traffic conditions and implement safety measures.
- Site Inspection: Conduct thorough site analyses to identify potential hazards.
- Weather Considerations: Monitor weather conditions to ensure safe working environments.
- Safety Briefings: Regularly hold briefings to prepare the team for site-specific dangers.
INSTRUMENT SAFETY
- Tripod Safety: Ensure tripods are stable and on level ground to avoid falls.
- Leveling Instruments: Check calibration and functionality before use.
- Total Station Safety: Regularly inspect and maintain total stations for effective operation.
- Battery Safety: Handle batteries carefully; store and dispose of safely to prevent leaks or fires.
DATA COLLECTION AND RECORDING
- Data Integrity: Verify measurements for accuracy before leaving the site or lab.
- Record Keeping: Keep comprehensive logs of observations, measurements, and equipment checks.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Environmental Impact: Aim to minimize harm to nature, including plants and wildlife.
- Respect Property Rights: Secure permission for access to private properties and respect landowner rights.
SURVEY PARTY ROLES
- Chief Party: Oversees the survey project and ensures adherence to protocols.
- Assistant Chief Party: Supports the chief and can take over during their absence.
- Instrument Man: Operates and checks all surveying instruments.
- Technician: Manages the electronic instruments used in the survey.
- Recorder: Documents sketches, measurements, and observations.
- Head Tape Man: Responsible for accuracy in linear tape measurements.
- Rear Tape Man: Assists the head tape man in measurement tasks.
- Flagman: Holds poles at directed points for accurate sighting.
- Rodman: Holds rods for accurate sighting during levels or measurements.
GENERAL SAFETY RULES
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear necessary safety gear like goggles, helmets, and gloves.
- Training: Personnel must receive appropriate training to handle equipment safely.
- Emergency Procedures: Know locations of exits and emergency supplies; learn usage protocols.
- Hazard Communication: Recognize and manage potential chemical hazards in the lab.
- Equipment Inspection: Regularly check and report any malfunctioning equipment.
- No Eating or Drinking: Prohibit food and drinks in labs to avoid contamination.
SURVEYING
- Defined as the process of measuring distances, angles, and elevations on Earth's surface.
- Purpose: To collect data for maps or plans (preliminary surveying) and to implement design plans in-field (field surveys).
TYPES OF SURVEY
- Control Survey: Establishes reference points for future surveys.
- Construction Survey: Provides layout for construction projects.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SURVEYING
- Location by Measurement: Determining a point's location using measurements from at least two established points.
- Techniques for Positioning: Utilizing ground scanning, satellite, and remote sensing.
MEASUREMENT TOOLS
- Steel Tapes: Durable measuring tapes for precise distances.
- Fiber Glass Tapes: Lightweight, non-corrosive tapes for specific applications.
- Range Pole: Used for sighting and aligning measurements.
- Plumb Bobs: Establish vertical lines with a weighted pendulum.
- Woven and Hand Tapes: Various materials used for different distance measuring needs.
- Clamping Handles: Facilitate handling and maintain tense tapes for accuracy.
MEASUREMENT METHODS
- Stadia Method: Quick method for calculating horizontal distances.
- Subtense Bar: Accurate horizontal distance measurement tool.
- Odometer and Measuring Wheel: Used for estimating surface distances.
- Optical Range Finder: Device determining distances through optical focus.
ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT
- Errors Defined: Deviation from true values can arise from various sources.
-
Types of Errors:
- Systematic Error: Consistent and measurable inaccuracies.
- Random Error: Inconsistencies due to human or natural limitations.
-
Sources of Error:
- Instrumental, personal, and natural factors affecting measurements.
ACCURACY AND PRECISION
- Accuracy: Closeness of a measurement to its true value.
- Precision: Consistency and detail in measurement execution.
- Mistakes: Result from carelessness and poor judgment.
DISTANCE CORRECTION
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Types of Corrections:
- Incorrect tape lengths – apply corrections based on tape length discrepancies.
- Slope corrections – adjust horizontal length calculations based on elevation differences.
- Temperature corrections – apply adjustments for variations in tape length due to temperature changes.
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Temperature Correction Formula:*
[ Ct = CL (T - Ts) ]
Where: - C: Coefficient of linear expansion
- L: Length of the tape
- T: Observed temperature
-
Ts: Standardized temperature.
For steel tapes, C = 0.0000116 per °C.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential safety rules for fieldwork in surveying. This quiz covers critical areas such as traffic safety, site inspections, instrument safety, and data collection practices. Ensure you're equipped with the best practices for a safe surveying experience.
