Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between Class I and other notifiable diseases?
What is the primary difference between Class I and other notifiable diseases?
How often are suspected cases of Class I notifiable diseases reported?
How often are suspected cases of Class I notifiable diseases reported?
What information should be included in the Line listing or register for notifiable diseases?
What information should be included in the Line listing or register for notifiable diseases?
Who is responsible for reporting notifiable diseases?
Who is responsible for reporting notifiable diseases?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of Sentinel Site Surveillance?
What is the purpose of Sentinel Site Surveillance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a Class I notifiable disease?
Which of the following is an example of a Class I notifiable disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the reporting frequency for diseases like dengue and Hepatitis A?
What is the reporting frequency for diseases like dengue and Hepatitis A?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the National Surveillance Unit in notifiable disease surveillance?
What is the role of the National Surveillance Unit in notifiable disease surveillance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a Level 1 surveillance site?
Which of the following is NOT a Level 1 surveillance site?
Signup and view all the answers
What organization provides international surveillance guidance for notifiable diseases?
What organization provides international surveillance guidance for notifiable diseases?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Definition and Importance of Surveillance
- Surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice.
- It provides information to guide public health interventions and is vital for communicating results to public health and medical communities.
- Surveillance is important for detecting outbreaks, providing information about baseline levels of disease, and enabling public health officials to monitor health at the community level.
Types of Surveillance
- Passive surveillance: routine reporting of disease/health events by healthcare providers, with completeness and quality of data dependent on the reporter.
- Active surveillance: health personnel make periodic calls or visits to health facilities to search for/identify new cases.
Establishing a Surveillance System
- Establish objectives: decide which diseases are a priority, frequency, severity, cost, and public interest.
- Develop case definitions: clearly defined in terms of person, place, and time, and categorized by level of certainty (suspect, probable, or confirmed).
- Develop a data collection mechanism: data collection tool, type of specimen required, and information to be included.
- Field test methods: essential before any system is implemented.
- Conduct data analysis: descriptive analysis and hypothesis generation.
- Data interpretation: detect real changes and disseminate information urgently, if necessary.
- Evaluate the system: establish whether objectives were achieved and if changes are needed.
Characteristics of a Good Surveillance System
- Network of motivated people
- Clear, simple reporting mechanism
- Clear objectives
- Efficient communication system
- Case definitions
- Laboratory support
- Appropriate infrastructure
- Good feedback and rapid response (timely)
Characteristics of Surveillance
- Timeliness: to implement effective control measures
- Sensitivity: to identify persons with the disease
- Representation: to provide an accurate picture of the temporal trend of the disease
Surveillance Systems in Jamaica
- Notifiable diseases and health events: Class I, II, and III
- Hospital active surveillance
- Laboratory surveillance
- Hotel surveillance
- Sentinel surveillance system
- Food-borne diseases surveillance
- HIV surveillance
- Surveillance of air and seaports at hospitals, health centers, and private doctor offices
- Post-disaster disease surveillance
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your understanding of surveillance in epidemiology, including its definition, types, data sources, and characteristics of an effective surveillance system. Also, learn about the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005.
