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Expressionism was considered cutting edge or ______ before the first World War.
Expressionism was considered cutting edge or ______ before the first World War.
avant-garde
The center of power during the Weimar Republic was in ______.
The center of power during the Weimar Republic was in ______.
Berlin
The Expressionist artist puts emphasis on ______ perspective.
The Expressionist artist puts emphasis on ______ perspective.
individual
Die ______, founded by Ludwig Kirchner in 1905, was a significant artist group in Expressionism.
Die ______, founded by Ludwig Kirchner in 1905, was a significant artist group in Expressionism.
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Franz Marc, Paul Klee, and Auguste Macke organized a group in 1911 called The ______ Rider.
Franz Marc, Paul Klee, and Auguste Macke organized a group in 1911 called The ______ Rider.
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Max Beckmann was associated with the Expressionists although he referred to his works as ______ Objectivity.
Max Beckmann was associated with the Expressionists although he referred to his works as ______ Objectivity.
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The Nazi government dismissed Beckmann from the ______ Art School.
The Nazi government dismissed Beckmann from the ______ Art School.
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Beckmann's work, entitled Die Nacht, shows the ______ of one night.
Beckmann's work, entitled Die Nacht, shows the ______ of one night.
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The artistic movement that emerged in the early 20th century and is associated with imagination and subjective expression is called ______.
The artistic movement that emerged in the early 20th century and is associated with imagination and subjective expression is called ______.
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Charles Baudelaire, a poet, described the interconnectedness of nature and symbols in his poem titled ______.
Charles Baudelaire, a poet, described the interconnectedness of nature and symbols in his poem titled ______.
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The painting 'The Scream' by Edvard Munch is considered iconic of ______ in Europe.
The painting 'The Scream' by Edvard Munch is considered iconic of ______ in Europe.
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Artists associated with ______ are known for distorting shapes and using unnatural colors.
Artists associated with ______ are known for distorting shapes and using unnatural colors.
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Robert Williams described Symbolism as ______ because it defies the limits of the natural world.
Robert Williams described Symbolism as ______ because it defies the limits of the natural world.
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In the Symbolist movement, artists often rely on their ______ to express emotions and ideas.
In the Symbolist movement, artists often rely on their ______ to express emotions and ideas.
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Among the styles covered under the Symbolist movement are Expressionism, New Objectivism, and ______.
Among the styles covered under the Symbolist movement are Expressionism, New Objectivism, and ______.
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Munch's 'The Scream' was painted using oil, tempera, pastel, and ______.
Munch's 'The Scream' was painted using oil, tempera, pastel, and ______.
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The term 'surrealist' was first used by playwright Guillaume ______.
The term 'surrealist' was first used by playwright Guillaume ______.
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After World War I, artists who flourished in Paris were scattered elsewhere in ______.
After World War I, artists who flourished in Paris were scattered elsewhere in ______.
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The leading figure of Surrealism who published an essay in 1928 was ______.
The leading figure of Surrealism who published an essay in 1928 was ______.
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Salvador Dali is known for his painting titled ______ of Memory, which features melting clocks.
Salvador Dali is known for his painting titled ______ of Memory, which features melting clocks.
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Giorgio de Chirico was associated with the Surrealists and created works like La ______ Tower.
Giorgio de Chirico was associated with the Surrealists and created works like La ______ Tower.
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Sigmund Freud's theory of the ______ gained momentum in the field of sciences and art after the war.
Sigmund Freud's theory of the ______ gained momentum in the field of sciences and art after the war.
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The Crucifixion series by National Artist Ang ______ underscores themes of pain and suffering.
The Crucifixion series by National Artist Ang ______ underscores themes of pain and suffering.
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Onib Olmedo's protest paintings against social inequities often feature ______ distorted human figures.
Onib Olmedo's protest paintings against social inequities often feature ______ distorted human figures.
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Study Notes
Surrealism
- The term "surrealist" was first used by playwright Guillaume Apollinaire in 1917.
- Artists who flourished in Paris after World War I, were scattered across Europe and America.
- Sigmund Freud's theory of the unconscious gained momentum in academic circles.
- André Breton, a writer who worked in a neurological hospital, observed experiments on soldiers suffering from post-traumatic stress.
- Breton became a leading figure of Surrealism and published an essay in 1928.
- Salvador Dali's painting, The Persistence of Memory, depicts a barren landscape with distorted shapes resembling melting clocks.
- The painting alludes to the tentativeness of memory and the elusiveness of rationality.
- Giorgio de Chirico's La Rouge or The Red Tower portrays a dream-like barren landscape with a massive tower emerging from nowhere.
- The painting features no human figures and the vastness of the scene appears both desolate and mysterious.
Influences in the Philippine Context
- National Artist Ang Kiukok's Crucifixion series emphasizes pain and suffering.
- Kiukok's paintings often depict distorted figures of Christ and the cross, rendered in unnatural colors.
- Onib Olmedo's paintings protest against social inequities and often show distorted human figures.
Symbolism
- Symbolism emerged as a modernist movement in the early 20th century.
- The term was initially used in poetry and painting.
- The movement was considered "absolute art" by art historian Robert Williams, as artists refused to be confined to the natural world.
- Instead of copying nature, artists were encouraged to rely on imagination and render the world subjectively.
- Artists were also encouraged to express emotions and ideas that arose from their intuition.
Expressionism and New Objectivity
- Expressionism was an artistic style that leaned towards symbolism and emerged in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century.
- Expressionist artists used distorted shapes and unnatural colors to make their representations of the world entirely subjective.
- They sought to express emotional states rather than document reality.
- Key figures of Expressionism included Edvard Munch, Ludwig Kirchner, Franz Marc, Paul Klee, Auguste Macke, and Wassily Kandinsky.
- German painter and printmaker Max Beckmann was associated with the Expressionists in the 1920s, but referred to his work as New Objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit).
- Beckmann's works were well-received in museums in Berlin and other German cultural centers.
- After Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Beckmann was dismissed from the Frankfurt Art School and his works were removed from museums.
- Beckmann and other artists sought refuge in other countries, ultimately leading to Beckmann's exile in Amsterdam and the fleeing of others to the United States.
The Night
- Beckmann's painting Die Nacht (1918-19) portrays the terror of a single night.
- Three men invade a small house, hanging and torturing the man of the house, binding the woman, and attempting to kidnap a child.
- The painting features distorted shapes, somber colors, a lack of spatial depth, and angular/rectilinear shapes.
- Flashes of red interrupt the unity of forms to create a feeling of horror.
- The use of distorted forms and unnatural colors in The Night are characteristic of both Expressionism and New Objectivity.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of Surrealism, a movement that challenged conventional perception in art and literature. Discover key figures like André Breton and Salvador Dali, as well as their influential works that delve into the unconscious mind and dream-like landscapes. This quiz examines the impact of Surrealism from its origins to its evolution in various cultural contexts.
