Surgical Suture Needle Selection
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of using needles with lateral cutting edges?

  • To increase the size of the needle hole during passage
  • To minimize tissue trauma during needle passage
  • To reduce the risk of needlehole elongation during needle passage (correct)
  • To optimize tissue penetration in ocular surgery

    • Which type of needle is frequently used in ocular surgery?

  • Curved needle
  • Straight needle
  • Diamond-point needle
  • Spatula-point needle (correct)

    • What should be the direction of introducing the needle tip to the tissue being sutured?

  • Tangential to the tissue
  • Oblique to the tissue
  • Parallel to the tissue
  • Perpendicular to the tissue (correct)

    • What is the point of the needle?

    <p>The area from the needle tip to the end of the taper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are straight needles generally used?

    <p>Closer to the surface of the body, almost exclusively in skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dictates the ideal shape of the needle?

    <p>The size of the surgical field and working area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are curved needles further defined by?

    <p>The fraction of a circle that they overlie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred shape for intracorporeal endoscopic suturing?

    <p>Straight body with a curved point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are swaged needles used more commonly than nonswaged needles?

    <p>They are sharper and cause less tissue trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of laser-drilled swages over channel-swaged needles?

    <p>They enable the surgeon to grip farther back on the needle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which types of surgery are swaged-on needles essential due to their significant reduction in tissue trauma?

    <p>Ocular, vascular, and urogenital surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nonswaged needles less commonly employed in small-animal veterinary surgery?

    <p>They cause more tissue trauma during needle and suture passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should suture be loaded from the concave surface when using nonswaged needles?

    <p>To prevent the suture from pulling out of the needle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of needle is used for friable tissue but has poor handling characteristics in normal tissue?

    <p>Blunt needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of force applied during needle passage that may result in increased risk of suture pull-through?

    <p>Toward the convex surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the point of the needle refer to?

    <p>The area from the needle tip to the end of the taper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of suture in wound healing?

    <p>To optimize tissue apposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'breaking strength' of a suture refer to?

    <p>The stress value at which suture acutely fails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are straight needles generally used?

    <p>Closer to the surface of the body, almost exclusively in skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are curved needles further defined?

    <p>By the fraction of a circle that they overlie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the tendency of a suture to slowly and permanently deform under constant stress?

    <p>Creep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is necessary for consideration when choosing a suture material?

    <p>Nonirritating composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dictates the ideal shape of the needle?

    <p>The specific surgical task for which the needle is intended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is suture size standardized according to the text?

    <p>United States Pharmacopeia (USP) standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are swaged-on needles used more commonly than nonswaged needles?

    <p>Because of their significant reduction in tissue trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using barbed sutures in laparoscopic procedures?

    <p>Decreased tissue drag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coating suture with a water-soluble compound?

    <p>To improve knot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant benefit of triclosan suture coating?

    <p>Decreased postoperative pain in pediatric patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is commonly used for coating suture to increase pliability and reduce tissue drag?

    <p>Polyglactin 910</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of surgery were triclosan impregnated sutures found to not reduce the rate of incisional infection or inflammation in dogs?

    <p>Tibial plateau leveling osteotomies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are natural sutures, such as catgut, absorbed in the body?

    <p>By enzymatic actions of cellular proteases and collagenases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays major enzymatic roles in the absorption of catgut suture?

    <p>Acid phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant determinant of suture absorption qualities?

    <p>Environmental pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exposure to urine influence the strength of polyglycolic acid (Dexon) suture?

    <p>It causes a loss of 64% of its initial breaking strength after 10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to nylon suture in acidic conditions?

    <p>It loses 50% of its strength in 12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between monofilament and multifilament sutures?

    <p>Monofilament sutures are composed of a single strand of material, while multifilament sutures are made up of multiple strands braided or twisted together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should multifilament suture be avoided in contaminated wounds?

    <p>Because multifilament suture has greater capillarity and an increased tendency for bacterial colonization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of barbed suture over smooth knotted suture in endoscopic applications?

    <p>Barbed suture has very even distribution of tensile forces throughout the closure instead of focal areas of high tension associated with suture knots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the downside of smooth suture compared to barbed suture?

    <p>Smooth suture tends to be less pliable and more susceptible to catastrophic damage from crushing or nicking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of multifilament suture over monofilament suture?

    <p>Multifilament sutures have lower tissue drag because the surface is much smoother compared with monofilament suture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred shape for intracorporeal endoscopic suturing?

    <p>Straight body with a curved point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are swaged needles used most commonly?

    <p>They cause less tissue trauma than nonswaged needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes laser-drilled swages from channel-swaged needles?

    <p>The method of needle attachment to the suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are nonswaged needles less commonly employed in small-animal veterinary surgery?

    <p>When passing large suture in orthopedic surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using tapercut needles?

    <p>They have a fine point that pierces and spreads tissue during needle passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is similar to polyglycolic acid in terms of mechanical and absorption characteristics?

    <p>Polyglactin 910</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material has high initial breaking strength, being superior to chronic gut, polyglactin 910, and polydioxanone?

    <p>Poliglecaprone 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is completely absorbed in 90 to 120 days with mild tissue inflammation during the absorption period?

    <p>Poliglecaprone 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material has approximately twice the initial loop strength of chronic gut suture and less tissue drag and knot security than chromic gut?

    <p>Polyglytone 6211</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material was stronger than polyglactin 910 when compared and had greater first throw knot hold?

    <p>Glycomer 631</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of temperature on the ability of suture to withstand tensile load over time?

    <p>Higher or lower temperatures lead to more rapid suture degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor enhances suture degradation?

    <p>Prestraining suture material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of suture undergoes additional curing or tanning processes with chromium trioxide salts?

    <p>Catgut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which surgery is catgut suture rapidly absorbed due to exposure to proteolytic enzymes?

    <p>Bladder surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic suture material has been shown to have greater knot security compared with polyglactin 910?

    <p>Uncoated polyglycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is essential for suture material to have when being chosen?

    <p>Ability to absorb fluid following immersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the load required to break a suture deformed by a knot?

    <p>Knot strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are curved needles essential in small or deep surgical fields?

    <p>To accommodate the limited size of the surgical field and working area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic refers to the degree to which a suture will deform under stress or load and return to its original form when the load is removed?

    <p>Elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dictates the ideal shape of the needle?

    <p>The nature of the tissue being sutured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using straight needles in skin suturing?

    <p>Precise control over suture placement near the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability of suture to reduce stress under constant strain?

    <p>Stress relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the degree to which a suture will absorb fluid following immersion known as?

    <p>Fluid absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the point of the needle?

    <p>To provide an atraumatic tissue penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are curved needles further defined?

    <p>By their curvature angle and taper ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of suture coating will reduce knot security compared with similar uncoated suture?

    <p>Water-insoluble coating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what animal model was a significant in vivo benefit of triclosan suture coating confirmed?

    <p>Dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coating suture with growth factors, bioactive glass, stem cells, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors?

    <p>To improve wound healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes barbed suture from smooth suture in terms of biomechanical properties?

    <p>Barbed suture is significantly stiffer and has less elongation than smooth suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sutures resulted in more rapid application with equivalent or improved strength when used in laparoscopic procedures?

    <p>Barbed sutures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme plays a major role in the enzymatic absorption of catgut suture?

    <p>Leucine aminopeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of absorption for synthetic absorbable sutures?

    <p>Random main-chain scission of ester linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has a dramatic influence on the strength of polydioxanone (PDS) and polyglycolic acid (Dexon) sutures over time?

    <p>Environmental pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what conditions will glycolide component sutures degrade more rapidly?

    <p>Alkaline environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is resistant to reduction in tensile strength regardless of pH?

    <p>Polypropylene suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using J-, ski-, or f-needles in intracorporeal endoscopic suturing?

    <p>The straight body is optimal for gripping with endoscopic needle drivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes laser-drilled swage needles from channel-swaged needles?

    <p>The suture crimped in a depression vs. a hole drilled in the body of the needle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes tapercut needles from standard cutting needles?

    <p>Having a concave cutting surface vs. having a convex cutting surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are swaged-on needles recommended for routine clinical use?

    <p>They cause less tissue trauma than nonswaged needles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using reverse-cutting needles over standard cutting needles?

    <p>They have a flat edge parallel to the incision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of suture tends to be less pliable and more susceptible to catastrophic damage from crushing or nicking?

    <p>Multifilament suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results in greater strength and pliability compared with a monofilament of the same material and size?

    <p>Multifilament suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of suture should be avoided in contaminated wounds or in applications where wicking of bacteria is undesirable?

    <p>Multifilament suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sutures are designed primarily for orthopedic applications and are extremely strong and resistant to failure, even when abraded or damaged?

    <p>Polyblend sutures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of barbed suture has two needles, with half of the suture length having circumferential barbs in one direction pointing toward the midpoint of the suture, and the other half having circumferential barbs in the opposite direction?

    <p>Bidirectional barbed suture (Stratafix, Quill)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material has high initial breaking strength, being superior to chronic gut, polyglactin 910, and polydioxanone?

    <p>Polyglytone 6211</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material has approximately twice the initial loop strength of chronic gut suture and less tissue drag and knot security than chromic gut?

    <p>Polyglytone 6211</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is completely absorbed in 90 to 120 days with mild tissue inflammation during the absorption period?

    <p>Poliglecaprone 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material was stronger than polyglactin 910 when compared and had greater first throw knot hold?

    <p>Glycomer 631</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is similar in many ways to polydioxanone and retains approximately 50% of its strength after 4 to 5 weeks?

    <p>Polyglyconate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does exposure to pancreatic secretions, bile, gastric secretions, or blood have on suture degradation?

    <p>It reduces the suture strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of prestraining suture material on suture degradation?

    <p>It enhances suture degradation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does exposure to proteolytic enzymes have on the absorption of catgut suture?

    <p>It accelerates the absorption of catgut suture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic suture material has the highest breaking stress and greater knot security compared with polyglactin 910?

    <p>Polyglycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of complete absorption for catgut suture in any environment?

    <p>60 to 90 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of needle is a flat, curved needle most frequently used in ocular surgery?

    <p>Spatula-point needle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the degree to which a suture will slowly and permanently deform under constant stress?

    <p>Creep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is essential for suture material to have when being chosen?

    <p>Pliability for ease of handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of absorption for synthetic absorbable sutures?

    <p>Enzymatic absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stress value on the stress-strain curve at which suture acutely fails?

    <p>Breaking strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of selecting an appropriate suture needle?

    <p>To minimize the risk of tissue trauma and complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are curved needles different from straight needles in terms of usage?

    <p>Curved needles are used in small or deep surgical fields, while straight needles are used closer to the surface of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily dictates the ideal shape of a suture needle?

    <p>The surgical field and working area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between straight needles and curved needles?

    <p>Straight needles are used for skin suturing, while curved needles are used for internal tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the specific surgical task for which a suture needle is intended?

    <p>The geometric shape of the needle body and the point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of needles are essential for surgery in delicate settings such as ocular, vascular, urogenital, or intestinal procedures?

    <p>Nonswaged needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes tapercut needles from cutting needles?

    <p>Tapercut needles have a reverse-cutting point while cutting needles have a triangular point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using reverse-cutting needles over standard cutting needles?

    <p>To reduce the risk of suture pull-through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nonswaged needles primarily used for in small-animal veterinary surgery?

    <p>Passing large suture in orthopedic surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of laser-drilled swages compared to channel-swaged needles?

    <p>Laser-drilled swages enable gripping farther back on the needle and reduce tissue drag.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes barbed suture from smooth suture in terms of biomechanical properties?

    <p>Barbed suture is significantly stiffer than smooth suture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using needles with lateral cutting edges?

    <p>To improve knot security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic suture material has been shown to have greater knot security compared with polyglactin 910?

    <p>Polydioxanone (PDS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays major enzymatic roles in the absorption of catgut suture?

    <p>Proteolytic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes tapercut needles from standard cutting needles?

    <p>Tapercut needles are designed to improve knot security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason that monofilament suture has lower tissue drag compared to multifilament suture?

    <p>The surface is much smoother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In orthopedic applications, what makes composite or “polyblend” sutures extremely strong and resistant to failure?

    <p>They have a core of one polymer and a braided exterior composed of a different polymer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of barbed sutures compared to smooth knotted sutures?

    <p>They may harbor bacteria and tend to protrude through the incision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should multifilament suture be avoided in contaminated wounds or in applications where wicking of bacteria is undesirable?

    <p>It has greater capillarity and an increased tendency for bacterial colonization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of introducing barbed sutures in veterinary applications such as gastropexy, gastrotomy, and intestinal anastomosis?

    <p>To promote tissue ingrowth in high-tension applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does exposure to pancreatic secretions, bile, gastric secretions, or blood have on suture degradation?

    <p>It reduces suture strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is completely absorbed in 60 to 90 days, with approximately 50% of its strength remaining at 2 to 3 weeks?

    <p>Polyglycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of prestraining suture material on suture degradation?

    <p>It enhances suture degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what conditions will catgut suture be completely absorbed in 2 to 3 weeks?

    <p>Regardless of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has a dramatic influence on the rate of suture absorption?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of environmental pH on suture absorption?

    <p>Glycolide component sutures degrade more rapidly in an acidic environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what conditions did polydioxanone (PDS) and polyglycolic acid (Dexon) show substantial loss of strength over time?

    <p>When infected with Escherichia coli or Proteus bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of infection with Escherichia coli or Proteus bacteria on suture absorption?

    <p>Increases the absorption rate of catgut suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme plays a major role in the enzymatic absorption of catgut suture?

    <p>Acid phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of exposure to urine on polyglycolic acid (Dexon) suture strength?

    <p>Lost 50% of its initial breaking strength after 10 days when immersed in sterile urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material has relatively rapid absorption with approximately 50% loss of tensile strength at 2 to 3 weeks and complete absorption at 90 to 110 days?

    <p>Glycomer 631</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When compared with polyglactin 910, which suture material was observed to be stronger and had greater first throw knot hold?

    <p>Glycomer 631</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material has high initial breaking strength, being superior to chronic gut, polyglactin 910, and polydioxanone (PDS II)?

    <p>Polyglytone 6211</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material has identical knot performance to polyglactin 910, similar performance to polydioxanone, and lesser performance compared with polyglyconate and is also available with triclosan coating (Monocryl Plus)?

    <p>Poliglecaprone 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is similar to polyglycolic acid in terms of mechanical and absorption characteristics?

    <p>Polyglactin 910</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is known for its marked elasticity, especially at low loads?

    <p>Polybutester (Novafil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material has been theorized to be advantageous when closing wounds that may swell postoperatively?

    <p>Polybutester (Novafil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composite suture has significantly greater knot security and abrasion resistance compared with a braided polyester suture?

    <p>FiberWire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coated and braided polyethylene suture is described as impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene?

    <p>Tevdek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of suture has at least twice the strength of monofilament polyester or polydioxanone (PDS II) suture and 500 times the fray resistance?

    <p>Composite suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using stainless steel suture for musculoskeletal applications?

    <p>Increased resistance to corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction are the warp filaments aligned in woven mesh materials?

    <p>Course direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes knitted mesh materials in terms of mechanical properties?

    <p>Anisotropy and different properties depending on force application direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major pore diameter of knitted polypropylene meshes?

    <p>0.6-0.9 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of a very small pore size in synthetic mesh materials like ePTFE?

    <p>Decreased risk of encapsulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material should be avoided in applications where excessive inflammation is undesirable?

    <p>Silk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is commonly used in tendon, ligament, joint capsule, or fascia closures due to its prolonged strength and lack of tissue reactivity?

    <p>Polypropylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is susceptible to degradation due to hydration soon after implantation?

    <p>Nylon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is not recommended for implantation in tissues due to the high incidence of sinus formation?

    <p>Polymerized Caprolactam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material has the highest energy to break point compared with silk, nylon, polyester, polyglycolic acid, and gut?

    <p>Polypropylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using silk frequently for ligation of large vessels?

    <p>Excellent handling characteristics and good knot security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of silk makes it advantageous when used to partially ligate portosystemic shunts in animals?

    <p>Foreign protein that incites tissue reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of partial ligation of canine femoral veins with silk ligatures after 6 weeks, according to an experimental model?

    <p>No change in vessel diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for suggesting that foreign body reaction and associated inflammation are responsible for progressive occlusion of partially ligated vessels over time when using silk?

    <p>Silk is a foreign protein that incites a considerable tissue reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for silk to be completely deteriorated?

    <p>2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material demonstrated the best biomechanical properties in a study comparing suture pull-out, tensile strength, and push-through strength?

    <p>Allogenic frozen canine fascia lata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended overlap with native tissue when mesh is under tension?

    <p>1 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant association of postoperative complications in dogs undergoing rib tumor resection?

    <p>Use of polypropylene mesh alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential complication of surgical mesh?

    <p>Visceral adhesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should staple instruments not be used?

    <p>In necrotic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What synthetic mesh material had an initial greater bursting strength and a smaller pore diameter?

    <p>Polypropylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mesh material had significantly greater mature (type I) collagen ingrowth and 90-day wound strength?

    <p>Polypropylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic mesh material is unlikely to form adhesions to viscera?

    <p>ePTFE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biologic material is used most frequently in veterinary surgery as a multilaminate material and is marketed as a bioscaffold?

    <p>Porcine small intestinal submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material has been shown to have a modulatory effect on local cytokines involved in wound healing?

    <p>Porcine small intestinal submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most frequently used material for staples today?

    <p>Titanium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of skin stapling compared to suturing or gluing?

    <p>Increased wound oxygenation and blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is used to compose absorbable, subcuticular staples?

    <p>Polyglycolic and polylactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes titanium staples preferable to 316L stainless steel staples?

    <p>Radiographic and magnetic artifact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of instilling saline under pressure after stapling hollow organs?

    <p>To assess for anastomotic leaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential clinical disadvantage of staples?

    <p>Difficulty during application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What wire diameters are typically associated with skin staples?

    <p>$0.5$ to $0.6$ mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate range for the closed width or crown of regular skin staples?

    <p>$4.8$ to $5.7$ mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is commonly used in tendon, ligament, joint capsule, or fascia closures due to its lack of tissue reactivity and resistance to degradation?

    <p>Polypropylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material should be avoided in any application where excessive inflammation is undesirable?

    <p>Silk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is susceptible to degradation, leading to disruption of hydrogen bonds and loss of tensile strength due to exposure to hydration and an acid environment?

    <p>Nylon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is marketed as Vetafil and is recommended for use only in the skin due to the high incidence of sinus formation?

    <p>Polymerized caprolactam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material is very resistant to degradation due to a lack of hydrolyzable bonds?

    <p>Polypropylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is stainless steel suture employed mostly for musculoskeletal applications?

    <p>It has high initial breaking strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using surgical mesh?

    <p>To serve as a buttress for primary tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanical properties are observed in the warp and weft directions in woven mesh materials?

    <p>Similar properties in all directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major pore diameter and porosity of knitted polypropylene meshes?

    <p>Pore diameter roughly between 0.6 and 0.9 mm and porosity of 28% to 32%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are knitted materials considered to be more porous and flexible but less strong than woven meshes?

    <p>They have intermeshing loops of one continuous filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mesh material had a significantly greater mature (type I) collagen ingrowth and 90-day wound strength compared with polypropylene mesh?

    <p>ePTFE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using composite meshes in veterinary surgery?

    <p>Maximizing early wound strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biologic material is used most frequently in veterinary surgery as a bioscaffold due to the observed ingrowth of native tissues after placement?

    <p>Porcine small intestinal submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the leukocyte inflammatory population after 1 month of implantation of porcine small intestinal submucosa in comparison to other materials?

    <p>It wanes dramatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of temporally using porcine small intestinal submucosa in a body wall defect model?

    <p>Initial degradation in bursting strength, followed by progressive increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material demonstrated the best biomechanical properties in a study comparing suture pull-out, tensile strength, and push-through strength?

    <p>Allogenic frozen canine fascia lata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended due to the poor performance of single-layer porcine small intestinal submucosa in high-strain environments?

    <p>Limiting the use of single-layer porcine small intestinal submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical technique is recommended to prevent mesh fraying and pull-out on the margins?

    <p>Creating a hem by doubling over the edge of the mesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique may reduce complications associated with the use of surgical mesh?

    <p>Using the smallest amount of mesh needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should staple instruments not be used?

    <p>In ischemic or necrotic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture material has been associated with significant adhesions when used to close mesenteric defects in people?

    <p>Surgidac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing characteristic of polybutester suture?

    <p>Marked elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composite suture has a core of multifilament ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene surrounded by a braided polyester and polyethylene exterior?

    <p>FiberWire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material demonstrated significantly greater knot security and abrasion resistance compared with a braided polyester suture in a study?

    <p>FiberWire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stainless steel is composed of 304, 316, or 316L?

    <p>316L stainless steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using silk frequently for ligation of large vessels?

    <p>Silk provides excellent handling characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of silk makes it advantageous when used to partially ligate portosystemic shunts in animals?

    <p>Considerable tissue reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the progressive occlusion of partially ligated vessels over time when silk is used?

    <p>Considerable tissue reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crystalline structure of silk slowly degraded by?

    <p>Hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to silk after 2 years?

    <p>It completely deteriorates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using titanium staples in surgery?

    <p>They have a low risk of radiographic or magnetic artifacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using skin staples over sutures in wound closure?

    <p>They lead to better wound oxygenation and blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate closed width or crown of regular skin staples?

    <p>4.5 to 5.0 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are absorbable staples used in surgery?

    <p>They lead to less inflammation and postoperative infection-inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using staples in surgery?

    <p>They have a greater potential for postoperative infection-inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of skin staples that tends to differ from other wound closure methods?

    <p>They tend to evert the wound edge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for using single-use disposable skin stapling devices?

    <p>They reduce the risk of postoperative infection-inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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