50 Questions
Which enzyme is primarily secreted by chief cells in the stomach?
Pepsinogen
What is the final pathway for H+ release in parietal cells?
H+/K+ ATPase inhibition
Which artery supplies the greater curvature of the stomach?
Right gastroepiploic artery
What causes the release of H+ from parietal cells in the stomach?
Acetylcholine and gastrin activation
Where does peristalsis primarily occur in the stomach?
Antrum
Which part of the stomach receives blood from the gastroduodenal artery?
Pylorus
Which surgical procedure has the lowest rate of ulcer recurrence?
Truncal vagotomy and antrectomy
What is the most frequent complication of duodenal ulcers?
Hemorrhage
What is the initial treatment of choice for obstruction due to duodenal ulcers?
Serial dilation and PPI
What is the best test for H. pylori eradication?
Urea breath test
Which type of gastric ulcer is associated with diffuse ulcers and NSAIDs?
Type V
What is the primary risk factor associated with gastric ulcers?
H. pylori presence
Which surgical procedure is the initial treatment for refractory obstruction due to gastric ulcers?
Truncal vagotomy and antrectomy
What is the primary risk factor associated with gastric adenocarcinoma?
Intestinal metaplasia
Which type of gastritis occurs 3–10 days after events such as multiple trauma or burns?
Stress gastritis type A (fundus)
What are Virchow's nodes associated with in gastric cancer?
Metastases to supraclavicular node
What is the most common area for gastric adenocarcinoma?
Antrum
What is the primary symptom associated with gastric adenocarcinoma?
Pain unrelieved by eating and weight loss
What is the most effective diagnostic test for alkaline reflux gastritis?
EGD with biopsy
Which surgical option is indicated for post-vagotomy diarrhea that is unresponsive to medical treatment?
Reversed interposition jejunal graft
What is the main cause of blind-loop syndrome in patients with Billroth II or Roux-en-Y procedures?
Bacterial overgrowth
What is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test for retained antrum after gastrectomy?
CT scan of the abdomen
Which surgical option is recommended for afferent-loop obstruction causing symptoms of obstructive jaundice and pancreatitis?
Reanastomosis with shorter (40-cm) afferent limb
What is the primary treatment for chronic gastric atony presenting with delayed gastric emptying and nausea?
Gastric electric stimulator
Which surgical procedure can be considered for small gastric remnant leading to early satiety in gastric bypass patients?
Jejunal pouch construction
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with pain, steatorrhea, and B12 deficiency after Billroth II surgery?
Blind-loop syndrome
What imaging study would be most appropriate for diagnosing afferent-loop obstruction in a patient with long afferent limb after Roux-en-Y surgery?
CT scan
What is the main treatment option for efferent-loop obstruction following Billroth II or Roux-en-Y surgery?
Balloon dilation
Which of the following inhibits the release of gastrin and acid?
Somatostatin
What is the function of D cells in the stomach?
Secrete somatostatin
Which condition is associated with mucous cell hyperplasia and increased rugal folds in the stomach?
Ménétrier’s disease
What is the most common risk factor for duodenal ulcers?
H. pylori infection
Which surgical indication for ulcers requires resection of the ulcer?
Inability to rule out cancer
What is the most common symptom of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGI bleeding)?
Hematemesis
Which factor is associated with the highest risk of mortality in non-variceal UGI bleeding?
Continued or rebleeding
What is the primary treatment for bleeding varices in a patient with liver failure?
EGD with variceal bands or sclerotherapy
Which surgical procedure results in an increase in solid emptying?
"Pyloroplasty formation"
What is the treatment for diarrhea, the most common problem following vagotomy?
"Cholestyramine and loperamide"
Which mutation is associated with a 70% lifetime risk of gastric cancer and a 40% lifetime risk of breast cancer in women?
CDH1 mutation
What is the primary treatment for MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE LYMPHOMA (MALT LYMPHOMA) if it does not regress after treatment for H. pylori?
Radiotherapy
What surgery is recommended for stage I gastric lymphomas (tumor confined to stomach mucosa)?
Partial resection
What is the most common benign gastric neoplasm, which can also be malignant if certain criteria are met?
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
What is the primary treatment modality for gastric lymphomas?
Chemotherapy
In morbid obesity, what is the approximate operative mortality associated with bariatric surgery?
~1%
Which of the following complications can occur after gastrectomy or after vagotomy and pyloroplasty?
Dumping syndrome
What is the primary cause of leak in the context of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery?
Ischemia
'Dumping syndrome' is primarily caused by rapid entering of which substance into the small bowel?
Carbohydrates
What is the most common location for MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE LYMPHOMA (MALT LYMPHOMA)?
Stomach
Which of the following symptoms are usually associated with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTS)?
Asymptomatic
What is the primary symptom associated with diffuse-type gastric cancer (linitis plastica)?
Weight loss and anorexia
Explore different surgical options for acid-reducing surgery, including highly selective vagotomy, truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty, truncal vagotomy with antrectomy, and reconstruction after antrectomy. Learn about the rates of ulcer recurrence and mortality associated with each procedure.
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