Surgical Interventions and Wound Management

Using solutions to clean and treat wounds.

Using high oxygen pressure to treat infections.

Removing dead bone from a wound.

Medical beads releasing antibiotics into bone.

Replacing damaged bone with healthy bone.

1000 mg/day for women 19-59 and men 19-70 years old, safe upper limit is 2500 mg /day. Take it with water. Supplement for healthy bone structure.

800 international units/day for women and men over 50 (men over 71, 1200 mg daily). Crucial for calcium absorption.

Medication, like Alendronate (Fosamax), that inhibits bone resorption. Side effects include GI issues & jaw bone issues.

GI issues (ulcers, irritation, swallowing difficulty) and potential osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Taken first thing in the morning, on an empty stomach. Requires a lot of water and no other foods or drinks for 30 minutes afterwards.

Addressing anxieties and fears related to falls or other health concerns, involving family in caregiving and encouraging lifestyle changes.

Used to evaluate bone health and response to treatments (e.g., bisphosphonates). Repeat scans may be needed.

Support services and assistance available to patients and their families for medication management and lifestyle changes related to bone health.

A less severe form of DMD, characterized by reduced dystrophin, onset in adolescence or early adulthood, and rare survival beyond 20 years.

A severe form of muscular dystrophy resulting in complete loss of mobility by age 12, with rare survival past 20 years.

Involves physical exam, neurological exam, mobility evaluation, blood tests to check dystrophin mutations, prenatal testing (when applicable), genetic tests, and muscle biopsies if needed.

A blood test that measures muscle damage, high levels observed in the early stages of DMD before symptoms appear.

Lack a cure; instead, focus on maintaining function, preventing contractures, physical therapy, corticosteroids(short-term), and specialized respiratory/cardiac care (such as CPAP, BiPAP).

A protein crucial for muscle health; reduced levels are associated with Becker Muscular Dystrophy.

Ongoing researches to find treatments and improved care for DMD/Becker patients.

Important aspect of care; includes emotional, financial, parental, and psychological support.

Factors that contribute to rising healthcare expenses. These include expensive treatments, administrative costs, and unnecessary procedures.

Disagreements between healthcare providers and insurance companies regarding treatment plans, costs, and coverage.

Mistakes made by healthcare professionals due to factors beyond their control.

A process of identifying the underlying causes of medical errors to prevent future occurrences.

Designing workspaces and equipment to minimize physical strain and improve safety for healthcare professionals.

A system for identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential risks that could harm patients, staff, or visitors.

The process of identifying potential hazards or situations that could lead to harm in a healthcare setting.

Analyzing the likelihood and severity of identified risks to prioritize mitigation efforts.

Amputation can be surgical or traumatic. Surgical amputations are elective, used as a last resort when other treatments fail. Traumatic amputations are caused by injuries like car accidents, work accidents, or combat injuries.

People with diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, arteriosclerosis, infections, cancer, or dysfunction are at higher risk for needing an amputation.

The first step in caring for an amputation is ensuring the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). If possible, the amputated part should be salvaged, cleaned, wrapped, sealed, and placed in a bag on ice. Preventing hemorrhage is crucial, but tourniquets should only be used in extreme cases.

The goal of replantation surgery is to restore the amputated limb and preserve its function and appearance.

Warm ischemia time refers to the time between injury and the amputated part being put on ice. Cool ischemia time refers to the time the amputated part is on ice until reaching the hospital. These times are crucial for replantation success.

Before amputation, a thorough health history should be taken, including the patient's subjective experience, like pain and feelings.

Amputation may not be suitable if replantation is unlikely, the patient is unwilling to comply with treatment, or there are other medical reasons.

Patients need extensive education about compliance with rehabilitation, hospitalization, potential reconstructive surgeries, and follow-up care. Avoiding tight clothing, ice, and smoking is essential to maintain perfusion.

A document that details any deviations from the expected or standard course of care, procedure, or event in a healthcare setting.

Any unexpected or unusual occurrence during patient care, such as a patient injury, equipment malfunction, medication error, or violence.

A systematic process to identify, analyze, and mitigate potential risks to patient safety and the healthcare organization.

Specific situations or factors that pose a significant risk to patient safety, such as medication errors, falls, infections, and pressure ulcers.

A formal document used to record details of any unexpected occurrence or event that may pose a risk to patient safety.

To identify and report potential risks, educate staff on safe practices, and contribute to a culture of safety and reporting.

Report facts completely and accurately, use direct quotes, identify names and ID data, chart location, date, and time, and mention equipment or medication involved.

Don't include opinions about blame, assumptions, conclusions, or assign blame.