Surgical Complications and Management Quiz

A type of hernia that occurs at the site of a previous surgical incision.

A condition characterized by sudden, severe abdominal pain.

Inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine.

Pain on palpation of the left lower quadrant that elicits pain in the right lower quadrant.

Pain at a specific point on the right lower abdomen that is associated with appendicitis.

Stones in the gallbladder. Most are made of cholesterol, pigment, or a mix of both. They are usually found through an ultrasound.

Pain caused by a gallstone blocking the cystic duct. Occurs when the gallbladder contracts against the obstruction. Often presents with post-prandial RUQ or epigastric pain, especially after fatty meals.

Inflammation and infection of the common bile duct, usually due to a stone blocking the duct. Can cause fever, jaundice, and RUQ pain. More serious complications include hypotension and decreased level of consciousness.

A stone in the common bile duct. Can sometimes pass into the duodenum without complications, but can also cause cholangitis or pancreatitis. May present with RUQ pain, pale stools, dark urine and jaundice.

Inflammation of the pancreas caused by a gallstone blocking the common bile duct. Presents with RUQ pain, epigastric pain that radiates to the back, and elevated amylase and lipase.

Surgical removal of the gallbladder. Indicated in patients with symptomatic gallstone disease, as it prevents future complications.

Inflammation of the gallbladder without the presence of a gallstone. Considered in very ill or long-term NPO patients due to biliary stasis. May be caused by medication, sepsis, or prolonged fasting.

Risk factors for gallstone formation include female gender, obesity, age over 40, multiparity, and Indigenous heritage.

Small, fleshy pads in the anal canal that help with continence and protect the anal canal during defecation.

Enlarged vascular cushions that cause symptoms like pain, itching, bleeding, and prolapse.

Painful, thrombosed (blood clotted) external hemorrhoid.

A tear in the anoderm, below the dentate line, often caused by hard stools or diarrhea.

Anal fissure that has lasted for longer than 2-3 months.

The triad of symptoms that characterize chronic anal fissures.

A small skin tag near the anal fissure.

An enlarged, fleshy bump in the anal canal.

This procedure involves making a small cut in the anal sphincter muscle to relieve pressure and pain caused by a tight sphincter. It's often used to treat anal fissures or fecal incontinence.

A surgical procedure that involves reshaping the anus. It may be used to correct anal stenosis or improve anal control.

A localized collection of pus near the anus. Often caused by an infected anal gland.

An abnormal connection between the anus or rectum and the skin, often caused by an abscess that doesn't heal.

A chronic infection of the skin and tissue in the upper cleft of the buttocks.

A potential complication after surgery, particularly in the days following the procedure. Causes can vary based on the timing of the fever.

A surgical procedure that involves cutting open a fistula to allow it to drain and heal.

A postoperative complication that can occur 3-5 days after surgery. It often involves the surgical wound becoming infected.

Low urine output (< 0.5 ml/kg/hr for 6 hours) that might be a sign of hypovolemia, outflow obstruction, or renal dysfunction.

Pain arising from the abdominal organs, such as the intestines, stomach, or pancreas.

Pain originating from the lining of the abdominal cavity, such as the peritoneum.

A low blood pressure often associated with a rapid heart rate, pallor, and sweating. It's a sign of insufficient blood flow to the body.

A medical emergency characterized by a drop in blood pressure and inadequate tissue perfusion due to various causes, such as heart failure, hemorrhage, or trauma.

Fluids that are primarily made up of water and electrolytes, such as normal saline (NS) and lactated Ringer's (LR). These are used to replace fluids lost due to sweating, evaporation, and urination.

Fluids that contain larger molecules, such as proteins and starches. They help to increase blood volume and pressure by attracting water into the bloodstream. Examples include albumin and dextran.

The fluid leaking outside of normal blood vessels and accumulating in interstitial spaces. Often occurs in response to injury, surgery, or inflammation.

A condition where fluid is pulled back into the bloodstream, potentially causing fluid overload. This often occurs after 3rd spacing has been resolved due to proper treatment.

Fluids that are specifically used to replace blood volume due to bleeding. They are typically blood transfusions, including red blood cells, plasma, and platelets.