Surgery: The 5R's and Terminology
36 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is one systemic effect that can occur during intraoperative procedures?

  • Tissue devitalisation
  • Blood pressure changes (correct)
  • Increased dead space
  • Reduced visualisation

    • What is the typical blood volume loss threshold for dogs before they show symptoms of shock?

  • 100-120 mL/kg BW
  • 20-30 mL/kg BW
  • 40-60 mL/kg BW
  • 70-90 mL/kg BW (correct)

    • Which of Halsted's Principles is crucial in preventing bleeding during a surgical procedure?

  • Preservation of blood supply (correct)
  • Uncontrolled suction techniques
  • Aggressive tissue manipulation
  • Immediate closure of incisions

    • What is a temporary method used for controlling bleeding during surgery?

    <p>Digital pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked at the end of a surgical procedure to ensure that bleeding does not recur?

    <p>Return to native site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the 5R's of surgery?

    <p>Restructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-ectomy' refer to in surgical terminology?

    <p>To remove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic element is primarily concerned with understanding the patient's physical condition before surgery?

    <p>History</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT considered in the decision-making process for surgery?

    <p>Surgeon's personal schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle emphasizes the importance of careful handling of tissue during surgery?

    <p>Gentle handling of tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration regarding the extent of aftercare in surgical decision-making?

    <p>Cost involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In surgical terminology, what does the suffix '-ostomy' indicate?

    <p>To create an opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'reconnaissance' in the context of surgery?

    <p>Diagnosing the condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when using forceps to grasp tissue?

    <p>Only tissue that is being removed should be crushed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential trauma risk when using thumb forceps?

    <p>Grasping the intestinal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of basic exposure retractors?

    <p>Often self-retaining and provides long-term stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided to prevent trauma when using suction devices?

    <p>Selecting a tip inappropriate for the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of dissection in tissue handling?

    <p>To achieve bloodless and precise access along tissue planes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of angiogenesis during the healing process?

    <p>Create a microvascular network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which time frame does fibroplasia peak?

    <p>Day 7-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are considered the key troops in the process of contraction?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mission objective of epithelialization?

    <p>Resurface the wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do macrophages play in the healing process?

    <p>Release matric metalloproteinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time frame for angiogenesis to occur after the injury?

    <p>4-6 days post-injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the cleanup of degenerating neutrophils?

    <p>Macrophage activity modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the creation of a microvascular network occur?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gossypiboma?

    <p>A mass of cotton material left in the body after surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the failure of proper wound healing?

    <p>Dehiscence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to ensure accurate specimen collection for testing?

    <p>Collect from the deepest and most representative site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for empirical antimicrobial therapy?

    <p>To start treatment before culture results are available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a clinical factor to consider in managing surgical site infections (SSIs)?

    <p>Weather conditions during surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of inflammation that can indicate an infection?

    <p>Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key factor is critical in the assessment of postoperative patients?

    <p>Wound assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does antimicrobial-impregnated material aim to achieve?

    <p>Prevent further infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT impact closure considerations of a wound?

    <p>Type of sutures used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management step is essential for the intervention of surgical site complications?

    <p>Exploring the site for abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reasons for Surgery (5R's)

    • Repair: To fix damaged tissues or structures.
    • Remove: To excise diseased or unwanted tissues.
    • Reconstruct: To restore the normal structure and function.
    • Reconnaissance: To diagnose through exploratory surgery.
    • Revise: To correct or improve an existing surgical procedure.

    Surgical Terminology

    • -otomy: To open a part of the body.
    • -ectomy: To remove a specific organ or tissue.
    • -ostomy: To create an opening in the body.
    • -plasty: To form or reshape a body part.
    • -pexy: To attach or affix an organ.
    • -rrhaphy: To suture tissue together.
    • -centesis: To perforate or tap into a body cavity.
    • -oscopy: To visually examine an area using an endoscope.

    Diagnostic Approach

    • Signalment: Collecting details about the patient including age, breed, and personality.
    • History: Assessing medical background and the duration of the illness.
    • Physical Exam: Conducting a thorough physical assessment of the patient.
    • Diagnostic Testing: Utilizing CBC, biochemistry, urinalysis, imaging, or treatment trials for diagnosis.

    Decision-Making in Surgery

    • Consider alternatives: medical treatment or monitoring if surgery is not the best option.
    • Evaluate surgery based on patient factors, client understanding, and surgical considerations:
      • Patient: Signalment, health history, and physical condition.
      • Client: Understanding of outcomes, costs, and aftercare.
      • Surgical: Timing, technique, staff, and facilities available.

    Halsted's Principles for Surgery

    • Gentle Handling of Tissue: Minimize tissue trauma during surgery.
    • Meticulous Hemostasis: Control bleeding effectively.
    • Preservation of Blood Supply: Avoid unnecessary vessel damage.

    Managing Surgical Bleeding

    • Characterization: Assess location (internal vs external), rate (sudden vs chronic), and volume of bleeding.
    • Blood Volume Tolerance:
      • Dogs can tolerate 70-90 mL/kg BW (8%).
      • Cats can tolerate 40-60 mL/kg BW (5%).

    Intraoperative Monitoring and Management

    • Monitor bleeding with suction, swabs, and anaesthetic monitoring.
    • Apply techniques to achieve hemostasis:
      • Digital pressure, clamps, tourniquets, ligation, and electrocautery.
    • Post-surgery, ensure proper return of tissues to their original state.

    Proliferation Phase in Healing

    • Angiogenesis: Formation of new blood vessels (days 4-6).
    • Fibroplasia: Migration of fibroblasts and formation of new tissue (peaks days 7-14).
    • Contraction: Reducing the size of the wound.
    • Epithelialization: Resurfacing the wound, initiated within hours.

    Trauma and Tissue Handling

    • Forceps: Should be used to minimize trauma during dissection.
    • Retractors: Provide proper exposure without excessive pressure or time.
    • Suction: Utilize carefully to avoid damaging tissue.

    Surgical Complications

    • Gossypiboma: Retained surgical sponge or gauze.
    • Infection Requirements: A source, mode of transmission, and susceptible host must be present.

    Managing Surgical Site Infections (SSI)

    • Prompt identification and assessment of SSI deep tissues.
    • Sample collection for culture before starting antibiotics.
    • Choose appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on culture results.

    Postoperative Care

    • Wound assessment: Monitor for infection and dehiscence.
    • Patient assessment: Evaluate comfort, function, and physiological parameters.

    Intervention Strategies

    • Assess complications post-surgery and determine corrective measures as necessary.
    • Aim for continual improvement in the patient’s condition post-surgery.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Small Animal Surgery.docx

    Description

    Explore the essential reasons for performing surgery through the 5R's: Repair, Remove, Reconstruct, Reconnaissance, and Revise. This quiz also covers important surgical terminology and diagnostic approaches, providing a comprehensive overview for students. Master these concepts to enhance your understanding of surgical practices.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser