Surgery Overview: Plastic, Cardiothoracic, General

Focus: Reconstruction and aesthetic enhancement of body structures.
Types:
- Reconstructive Surgery: Restores form and function (e.g., after trauma, burns).
- Cosmetic Surgery: Enhances appearance (e.g., facelifts, breast augmentation).
Techniques: Use of grafts, flaps, implants.
Key Considerations: Patient safety, aesthetic goals, and psychological impact.

Focus: Surgical treatment of diseases affecting the heart, lungs, and thoracic cavity.
Common Procedures:
- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Bypasses blocked coronary arteries.
- Valve Repair/Replacements: Addresses heart valve dysfunction.
- Lung Resection: Removal of part or all of a lung for cancer.
Skills Required: Proficiency in cardiopulmonary bypass technology and thoracic anatomy.

Focus: Variety of abdominal conditions and surgeries.
Common Procedures:
- Appendectomy: Removal of the appendix.
- Cholecystectomy: Gallbladder removal due to gallstones.
- Hernia Repair: Correction of hernias in the abdominal wall.
Areas of Expertise: Gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, and soft tissue.
Role: May involve preoperative and postoperative care, including patient management and surgical techniques.

Focus: Conditions related to the musculoskeletal system.
Common Procedures:
- Joint Replacement Surgery: Replaces damaged joints with artificial implants.
- Fracture Management: Stabilization and repair of broken bones.
- Spinal Surgery: Addresses issues like herniated discs and spinal stenosis.
Key Considerations: Rehabilitation, pain management, and prevention of complications.

Focus: Surgical treatment of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
Common Procedures:
- Craniotomy: Surgical opening of the skull to access the brain.
- Spinal Fusion: Stabilization of the spine to treat conditions like scoliosis.
- Tumor Resection: Removal of brain or spinal tumors.
Skills Required: Expertise in neuroanatomy and advanced imaging techniques.
Patient Care: Neurocritical care post-surgery is often essential for recovery.

Focuses on restoring or enhancing the appearance and function of body structures
Two main categories: reconstructive and cosmetic surgery
Reconstructive surgery repairs deformities caused by trauma, burns, or congenital conditions
Cosmetic surgery aims to improve appearance by enhancing features
Techniques involve grafts, flaps, and implants to achieve desired outcomes
Prioritizes patient safety, aesthetic goals, and the psychological impact of procedures

Specializes in surgical treatment of diseases affecting the heart, lungs, and chest cavity
Common procedures include coronary artery bypass grafting, valve repair or replacement, and lung resection
Coronary artery bypass grafting bypasses blocked arteries to improve blood flow to the heart
Valve repair or replacement addresses heart valve dysfunction
Lung resection involves removing part or all of the lung, often for cancer treatment
Requires proficiency in cardiopulmonary bypass technology and in-depth knowledge of thoracic anatomy

Covers a wide range of abdominal conditions and surgeries
Common procedures include appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and hernia repair
Appendectomy removes the appendix when inflamed.
Cholecystectomy removes the gallbladder, often for gallstones.
Hernia repair corrects hernias in the abdominal wall.
Specializes in the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, and soft tissues
Plays a role in pre- and postoperative care, including patient management and surgical technique

Addresses conditions related to the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, and muscles
Common procedures include joint replacement surgery, fracture management, and spinal surgery
Joint replacement surgery replaces damaged joints with artificial implants.
Fracture management involves stabilizing and repairing broken bones.
Spinal surgery addresses issues like herniated discs and spinal stenosis.
Focuses on rehabilitation, pain management, and prevention of complications.

Specializes in surgical treatment of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord
Common procedures include craniotomy, spinal fusion, and tumor resection
Craniotomy involves surgically opening the skull to access the brain.
Spinal fusion stabilizes the spine to treat conditions like scoliosis.
Tumor resection involves removing brain or spinal tumors.
Requires extensive knowledge of neuroanatomy and advanced imaging techniques
Patient care often includes neurocritical care post-surgery, which is essential for recovery.