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Questions and Answers
Which classification of hip fractures is characterized by fractures occurring outside the hip joint's fibrous capsule?
Which classification of hip fractures is characterized by fractures occurring outside the hip joint's fibrous capsule?
What is the primary concern for the blood supply when treating femoral neck fractures?
What is the primary concern for the blood supply when treating femoral neck fractures?
Which equipment is essential for securing a Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) during surgery?
Which equipment is essential for securing a Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) during surgery?
What is a necessary step before placing the lag screw in a femoral neck fracture procedure?
What is a necessary step before placing the lag screw in a femoral neck fracture procedure?
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During which procedure is a fluoroscopy primarily used?
During which procedure is a fluoroscopy primarily used?
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What is the common instrument used for fixation during intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients?
What is the common instrument used for fixation during intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients?
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What type of positioning device is typically used during hip fracture surgeries?
What type of positioning device is typically used during hip fracture surgeries?
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Which of the following is NOT typically worn by OR personnel during hip surgery?
Which of the following is NOT typically worn by OR personnel during hip surgery?
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What is the ultimate goal of performing a guide pin insertion in hip fracture surgeries?
What is the ultimate goal of performing a guide pin insertion in hip fracture surgeries?
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Which step follows the confirmation of proper traction and alignment in the surgical procedure?
Which step follows the confirmation of proper traction and alignment in the surgical procedure?
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What is the primary purpose of distraction rods in spinal surgery?
What is the primary purpose of distraction rods in spinal surgery?
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Which surgical position is commonly used for patients undergoing spine surgery?
Which surgical position is commonly used for patients undergoing spine surgery?
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What is the role of forced-air warming blankets during spinal surgery?
What is the role of forced-air warming blankets during spinal surgery?
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What is the intended outcome of performing a carpal tunnel release?
What is the intended outcome of performing a carpal tunnel release?
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Prior to surgery, what critical task regarding blood products must be completed?
Prior to surgery, what critical task regarding blood products must be completed?
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What is the main purpose of spinal fusion?
What is the main purpose of spinal fusion?
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Which surgical instrument is specifically utilized to remove intervertebral disc tissue?
Which surgical instrument is specifically utilized to remove intervertebral disc tissue?
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What positioning is used for patients undergoing spine surgery?
What positioning is used for patients undergoing spine surgery?
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What is one potential complication during spinal surgery that may require management?
What is one potential complication during spinal surgery that may require management?
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What is the role of Harrington Rods in spinal fusion surgery?
What is the role of Harrington Rods in spinal fusion surgery?
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Which of the following precautions should be taken regarding blood products before spinal surgery?
Which of the following precautions should be taken regarding blood products before spinal surgery?
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Which surgical procedure is most commonly performed to treat spinal stenosis?
Which surgical procedure is most commonly performed to treat spinal stenosis?
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What type of rongeur is typically used for lamina removal during spine surgery?
What type of rongeur is typically used for lamina removal during spine surgery?
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What condition can indicate the need for spinal fusion?
What condition can indicate the need for spinal fusion?
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What is the main function of forced-air warming blankets during spinal surgery?
What is the main function of forced-air warming blankets during spinal surgery?
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What is the primary function of menisci in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of menisci in the knee joint?
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Which procedure addresses chronic meniscal tears during arthroscopy?
Which procedure addresses chronic meniscal tears during arthroscopy?
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What is the most common type of injury that requires repair in the knee?
What is the most common type of injury that requires repair in the knee?
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Which suture type is used for repairing tears in a vascular zone of the meniscus?
Which suture type is used for repairing tears in a vascular zone of the meniscus?
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Which structure is the most frequently torn ligament in the knee?
Which structure is the most frequently torn ligament in the knee?
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What is typically used for ACL reconstruction in active individuals?
What is typically used for ACL reconstruction in active individuals?
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In arthroscopy of the knee, what type of anesthesia may be used?
In arthroscopy of the knee, what type of anesthesia may be used?
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What is a common indication for applying a tourniquet during knee arthroscopy?
What is a common indication for applying a tourniquet during knee arthroscopy?
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Which incision method involves the insertion of a guide pin into the intercondylar notch?
Which incision method involves the insertion of a guide pin into the intercondylar notch?
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What is the main purpose of a Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
What is the main purpose of a Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
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In which type of knee implant is the patellofemoral joint not replaced?
In which type of knee implant is the patellofemoral joint not replaced?
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What type of prosthesis is most commonly used in knee replacements?
What type of prosthesis is most commonly used in knee replacements?
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Which technique is NOT commonly associated with fixation of knee implants?
Which technique is NOT commonly associated with fixation of knee implants?
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What is a major consideration when choosing a knee prosthesis?
What is a major consideration when choosing a knee prosthesis?
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Which of the following represents a characteristic of an unconstrained prosthesis?
Which of the following represents a characteristic of an unconstrained prosthesis?
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What is the purpose of heavy suture in the ACL reconstruction procedure?
What is the purpose of heavy suture in the ACL reconstruction procedure?
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What is a tricomponental knee implant used for?
What is a tricomponental knee implant used for?
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Which of the following best describes the condition under which a fully constrained knee prosthesis is used?
Which of the following best describes the condition under which a fully constrained knee prosthesis is used?
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Study Notes
Instrumentation
- Essential surgical instruments include telescopes, light sources, cameras, suction devices, cautery, and normal saline bags (3000ml).
Surgery of the Knee
- Arthroscopy of the knee is the most common arthroscopic procedure, used for diagnostic purposes, biopsies, and repairs like meniscus and ACL reconstruction.
- Anesthesia options for knee surgery include general anesthesia (GA), spinal, and local anesthesia.
- Tourniquets are typically applied to the thigh but rarely inflated during procedures.
- Common knee injuries include torn medial collateral ligaments, medial menisci, and anterior cruciate ligaments.
Arthroscopic Resection and Repair of Meniscal Tear
- Menisci play a crucial role in load distribution and stability within the knee joint.
- Meniscus tears are the most frequent injuries requiring surgical intervention.
- The procedure involves cutting the anterior horn of the meniscus, debriding chronic tears, and potentially suturing in vascular zones using absorbable sutures.
Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Repair
- The ACL is vital for knee stability and is the most commonly torn ligament.
- Injuries usually occur under simultaneous anterior and rotational stresses, often affecting athletes.
- A patellar tendon graft is the most common repair method, requiring a series of precise steps including guide pin insertion, suture placement, and graft fixation with heavy sutures.
Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)
- TKA replaces worn knee surfaces, with arthritis as the leading diagnosis.
- The procedure aims to enhance mobility and stability, preserving normal ligaments and maintaining soft tissue balance.
- Types of knee implants: unicompartmental, bicompartmental, and tricompartmental (most commonly used).
- Implants can be unconstrained, semiconstrained, or fully constrained, determined by bone stability.
- Fixation methods include cemented or non-cemented techniques, tailored to patient needs.
Surgery of the Hip
Hip Fractures
- Classified into three types based on location: femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric fractures.
- Intertrochanteric fractures are prevalent in elderly women and treated with screws and plates.
- Surgical procedures require specific instrumentation, including a fracture table, Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS), and fluoroscopy for guidance.
Femoral Neck Fractures
- Require reduction prior to fixation to prevent nonunion or avascular necrosis.
- Instrumentation involves a fracture table with traction for proper alignment during surgery.
Lumbar Spine Surgery
Lumbar Laminectomy
- Involves removing lumbar disks to relieve spinal pressure, mainly for spinal stenosis or ruptured disks.
- Patients are positioned in the prone position for optimal access.
- Instrumentation includes various rongeurs, elevators, retractors, and bipolar cautery.
Spinal Fusion
- Addresses scoliosis by fusing vertebrae to correct lateral deviations.
- Harrington Rods are the primary fixation instruments, with distraction rods on the concave side and compression rods on the convex side.
- Blood replacement measures are vital due to potential extensive dissection.
Hand Surgery
Carpal Tunnel Release
- Performed to relieve median nerve entrapment by cutting the carpal ligament.
- The procedure is often quick, with local anesthesia or Bier Block employed, primarily performed by plastic surgeons.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the instrumentation and techniques used in knee surgery, specifically focusing on arthroscopy. The quiz covers various instruments such as telescopes and cameras, as well as procedures like meniscus repair and ACL reconstruction. Understand the anesthetic options and the application of tourniquets in this context.
