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The consequence of the reactions that takes place between the surface functional groups on soil organic matter (humus) and/or on broken (exposed) crystal edges of layer silicates with the ions in the soil solution. The forms of reactions and the ions so released (ionized) from the surface functional groups that is mainly a characteristic of soil organic matter (humus fraction) and from the broken edges of both silica and alumina sheets of silicate minerals differ depending on the soil environment, mainly soil pH. 6 i. Broken edges of the layer silicates: Predominantly in 1:1 (kaolinite) minerals (50% or more of the total charge) and very little (5-10% of the charge) in 2:1 clays. The quantity of this type of charge depends on the pH of the soil, thus called pH dependent charge. Under acid (low pH) soil condition, the broken edge is positively charged because of the excess H+ associated with it. As pH increases, H+ ions are neutralized (H+ + OH- = H2O) and the negative charge on the edge increases. Ionization of Surface….Cont’d ii. Dissociation of H+ from surface functional groups: Such as from carboxylic acid (-COOH = COO- + H+) and phenolic (- C 6H4OH ═ -C6H4O- + H+) groups. This source as with the broken edges is a pH-dependent charge, and is associated with the complex organic molecules associated with humus or soil organic matter.
The consequence of the reactions that takes place between the surface functional groups on soil organic matter (humus) and/or on broken (exposed) crystal edges of layer silicates with the ions in the soil solution. The forms of reactions and the ions so released (ionized) from the surface functional groups that is mainly a characteristic of soil organic matter (humus fraction) and from the broken edges of both silica and alumina sheets of silicate minerals differ depending on the soil environment, mainly soil pH. 6 i. Broken edges of the layer silicates: Predominantly in 1:1 (kaolinite) minerals (50% or more of the total charge) and very little (5-10% of the charge) in 2:1 clays. The quantity of this type of charge depends on the pH of the soil, thus called pH dependent charge. Under acid (low pH) soil condition, the broken edge is positively charged because of the excess H+ associated with it. As pH increases, H+ ions are neutralized (H+ + OH- = H2O) and the negative charge on the edge increases. Ionization of Surface….Cont’d ii. Dissociation of H+ from surface functional groups: Such as from carboxylic acid (-COOH = COO- + H+) and phenolic (- C 6H4OH ═ -C6H4O- + H+) groups. This source as with the broken edges is a pH-dependent charge, and is associated with the complex organic molecules associated with humus or soil organic matter.
Groups
The broken edge is positively charged because of the excess H+ associated with it. As pH increases, H+ ions are neutralized (H+ + OH- = H2O) and the negative charge on the edge increases. Ionization of Surface….Cont’d ii. Dissociation of H+ from surface functional groups: Such as from carboxylic acid (-COOH = COO- + H+) and phenolic (- C 6H4OH ═ -C6H4O- + H+) groups. This source as with the broken edges is a pH-dependent charge, and is associated with the complex organic molecules associated with humus or soil organic matter.
The broken edge is positively charged because of the excess H+ associated with it. As pH increases, H+ ions are neutralized (H+ + OH- = H2O) and the negative charge on the edge increases. Ionization of Surface….Cont’d ii. Dissociation of H+ from surface functional groups: Such as from carboxylic acid (-COOH = COO- + H+) and phenolic (- C 6H4OH ═ -C6H4O- + H+) groups. This source as with the broken edges is a pH-dependent charge, and is associated with the complex organic molecules associated with humus or soil organic matter.
Edge
This source as with the broken edges is a pH-dependent charge, and is associated with the complex organic molecules associated with humus or soil organic matter.
This source as with the broken edges is a pH-dependent charge, and is associated with the complex organic molecules associated with humus or soil organic matter.
Charge
The quantity of this type of charge depends on the pH of the soil, thus called pH dependent charge. Under acid (low pH) soil condition, the broken edge is positively charged because of the excess H+ associated with it.
The quantity of this type of charge depends on the pH of the soil, thus called pH dependent charge. Under acid (low pH) soil condition, the broken edge is positively charged because of the excess H+ associated with it.
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As pH increases, H+ ions are neutralized (H+ + OH- = H2O) and the negative charge on the edge increases. Ionization of Surface….Cont’d ii. Dissociation of H+ from surface functional groups: Such as from carboxylic acid (-COOH = COO- + H+) and phenolic (- C 6H4OH ═ -C6H4O- + H+) groups.
As pH increases, H+ ions are neutralized (H+ + OH- = H2O) and the negative charge on the edge increases. Ionization of Surface….Cont’d ii. Dissociation of H+ from surface functional groups: Such as from carboxylic acid (-COOH = COO- + H+) and phenolic (- C 6H4OH ═ -C6H4O- + H+) groups.
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Explain the process of ion exchange and its applications in water treatment and chemical purification.
Explain the process of ion exchange and its applications in water treatment and chemical purification.
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What are the typical materials used as ion exchangers?
What are the typical materials used as ion exchangers?
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Differentiate between cation exchangers and anion exchangers.
Differentiate between cation exchangers and anion exchangers.
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What are amphoteric exchangers capable of, and how are they commonly used?
What are amphoteric exchangers capable of, and how are they commonly used?
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What is the significance of ion exchange in the context of soil and its environment?
What is the significance of ion exchange in the context of soil and its environment?
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