Podcast
Questions and Answers
What forms the main mass of the suprarenal gland?
What forms the main mass of the suprarenal gland?
How does the shape of the right suprarenal gland differ from the left?
How does the shape of the right suprarenal gland differ from the left?
Which organ is located anteriorly to the left suprarenal gland?
Which organ is located anteriorly to the left suprarenal gland?
What structure is located at the posterior surface of the right suprarenal gland?
What structure is located at the posterior surface of the right suprarenal gland?
Signup and view all the answers
What part of the suprarenal gland presents a hilum on its anterior border?
What part of the suprarenal gland presents a hilum on its anterior border?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is located at the medial border of both suprarenal glands?
Which structure is located at the medial border of both suprarenal glands?
Signup and view all the answers
Which surface of the left suprarenal gland is adjacent to the left kidney?
Which surface of the left suprarenal gland is adjacent to the left kidney?
Signup and view all the answers
What organ is located laterally to the right suprarenal gland?
What organ is located laterally to the right suprarenal gland?
Signup and view all the answers
How many minor calyces can each major calyx divide into?
How many minor calyces can each major calyx divide into?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the nephron within the uriniferous tubule?
What is the primary function of the nephron within the uriniferous tubule?
Signup and view all the answers
What structures comprise the renal corpuscle?
What structures comprise the renal corpuscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the nephron is responsible for selective resorption?
Which part of the nephron is responsible for selective resorption?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus primarily associated with?
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus primarily associated with?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the lymphatic drainage of the kidney primarily lead to?
Where does the lymphatic drainage of the kidney primarily lead to?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of fibers from the renal plexus are predominantly involved in vasomotor functions?
What type of fibers from the renal plexus are predominantly involved in vasomotor functions?
Signup and view all the answers
What anatomical feature is known as the renal angle?
What anatomical feature is known as the renal angle?
Signup and view all the answers
At which location does the ureter experience the first normal constriction?
At which location does the ureter experience the first normal constriction?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two layers of the perirenal fascia originally called?
What are the two layers of the perirenal fascia originally called?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a site of ureter constriction?
Which of the following is NOT a site of ureter constriction?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the anterior layer of the perirenal fascia blend on the right side?
Where does the anterior layer of the perirenal fascia blend on the right side?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is located anteriorly to the ureter in the right abdomen?
Which structure is located anteriorly to the ureter in the right abdomen?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the pararenal or paranephric body?
What is the primary function of the pararenal or paranephric body?
Signup and view all the answers
In males, which structure crosses the ureter superiorly?
In males, which structure crosses the ureter superiorly?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is a feature of the renal medulla?
Which is a feature of the renal medulla?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the renal sinus contain?
What does the renal sinus contain?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is located posteriorly to the ureter in the pelvic part?
Which structure is located posteriorly to the ureter in the pelvic part?
Signup and view all the answers
Which artery is associated with the relations of the ureter in the female pelvis?
Which artery is associated with the relations of the ureter in the female pelvis?
Signup and view all the answers
What constitutes the outer layer of the kidney structure?
What constitutes the outer layer of the kidney structure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which describes the renal column?
Which describes the renal column?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the ureter cross at its terminal point in the pelvis?
What does the ureter cross at its terminal point in the pelvis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the continuity of the superior aspect of the perirenal space?
What is the continuity of the superior aspect of the perirenal space?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the psoas major muscle concerning the ureter?
What is the role of the psoas major muscle concerning the ureter?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the oblique course of the ureter within the bladder?
What is the primary function of the oblique course of the ureter within the bladder?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the ureter receives its blood supply primarily from renal arteries?
Which part of the ureter receives its blood supply primarily from renal arteries?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of nerve supply primarily innervates the ureter?
What type of nerve supply primarily innervates the ureter?
Signup and view all the answers
Which histological feature is NOT part of the ureter's structure?
Which histological feature is NOT part of the ureter's structure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for severe pain caused by a ureteric stone?
What is the term for severe pain caused by a ureteric stone?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about the relationship between the uterine artery and ureter is true?
Which statement about the relationship between the uterine artery and ureter is true?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the terminal portion of the ureter lie in relation to the vagina?
Where does the terminal portion of the ureter lie in relation to the vagina?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main component of the ureter's outer layer?
What is the main component of the ureter's outer layer?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Suprarenal Glands
- The suprarenal gland consists of two distinct parts: the cortex and the medulla.
- The cortex forms the main mass of the gland, while the medulla constitutes about one-tenth of its structure.
- Right suprarenal gland is pyramidal in shape; the left is semilunar.
- Anterior relations differ: right side is adjacent to the inferior vena cava and liver, while the left is near the cardiac end of the stomach and pancreas.
- Posterior surfaces relate to the diaphragm and kidneys, with the right crus for the right and the left crus for the left.
- The medial border of both glands is associated with the coeliac ganglion; the lateral border has different relations, liver on the right and stomach on the left.
Cortex Structure
- The cortex is composed of three zones contributing to different hormone secretions.
- Renal fascia has two layers: the anterior (Gerota's fascia) and posterior layers (Zuckerkandl's fascia), forming a multilaminated structure.
- Pararrenal fat acts as a cushion and is more abundant posteriorly and at the lower pole of the kidneys.
Kidney Anatomy
- Kidney features an outer reddish-brown cortex and an inner pale medulla.
- The renal sinus contains branches of the renal artery, tributaries of the renal vein, and the renal pelvis.
- Renal pyramids, about 10 in number, dictate the structure of the medulla, with apices forming renal papillae.
Uriniferous Tubule Structure
- Each kidney has 1-3 million uriniferous tubules, including nephron and collecting parts.
- Nephrons comprise a renal corpuscle with glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, plus a renal tubule for substance reabsorption.
- The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates blood pressure and kidney function, comprising the macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells.
Lymphatic and Nerve Drainage
- Kidney drains lymph to lateral aortic nodes at the level of renal artery origins (L2).
- Supplied by renal plexus (sympathetic fibers from T10-L1) with afferent nerves from T10 to T12.
Histology of the Kidney
- Cortex includes glomeruli and sections of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
- Medullary sections show collecting ducts and loop of Henle.
Clinical Anatomy and Relations
- Renal angle is the space at the lower border of the 12th rib.
- Ureter has five normal points of constriction: pelviureteric junction, lesser pelvis, crosses ductus deferens/broad ligament, through the bladder wall, and the trigone's opening.
Renal Pelvis and Ureter Relations
- Anterior relations of renal pelvis vary by side; right side has duodenum, while the left includes pancreas and jejunum.
- Ureter has distinct pathways and relations dependent on whether it's anterior or posterior to structures like the psoas major and various blood vessels.
Blood Supply and Nerve Distribution
- Ureter receives blood supply from renal, gonadal, iliac, vesical, middle rectal, or uterine arteries, ensuring vascular support in different sections.
- Nerve supply includes sympathetic input from T10 to L1 and parasympathetic from S2 to S4.
Histology of the Ureter
- Ureter consists of mucous membrane, smooth muscle layer, and outer tunica adventitia with transitional epithelium.
- Muscle coat structure varies along the ureter's length, with specific fibrous layers aiding in function.
Clinical Condition: Ureteric Colic
- Ureteric colic refers to severe pain from kidney stones causing spasm, radiating from the loin to the groin, scrotum/labium majus, and inner thigh.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores the anatomy of the suprarenal glands, focusing on their distinctive structures: the cortex and medulla. Examine their basic functions and compare the anatomical differences between the right and left glands. Test your understanding of these essential endocrine organs.
