Suppositories: Solid Dosage Forms Overview
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Suppositories: Solid Dosage Forms Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary advantage of using suppositories for drug administration?

  • They have higher patient acceptability.
  • They are always more effective than oral medications.
  • They can avoid first-pass metabolism. (correct)
  • They are suitable for all patients.

    • Suppositories can be used rectally, vaginally, and orally.

    False

    Name one disadvantage of using suppositories.

    Patient acceptability issues

    Glycerin suppositories promote laxation by local irritation of the ______.

    <p>mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the suppository type with its primary use:

    <p>Glycerin suppositories = Relieve constipation Hydrocortisone suppositories = Treat hemorrhoids Dulcolax (Bisacodyl) suppositories = Laxative effect Anti-hemorrhoidal suppositories = Alleviate discomfort associated with hemorrhoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common use for rectal suppositories?

    <p>Relieving headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories are suitable for patients suffering from diarrhea.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that suppositories can benefit unconscious patients?

    <p>Allow for drug administration when oral medication is not possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a drug administered rectally for systemic effects?

    <p>Ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs absorbed rectally pass through the portal circulation before entering general circulation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neutral pH range of rectal fluids?

    <p>7.2-7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A drug's concentration in the intestinal lumen above a certain amount does not affect the rate of __________.

    <p>absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following drugs with their respective therapeutic effects:

    <p>Ondansetron = Relief of nausea and vomiting Oxymorphone HCl = Opioid analgesia Paracetamol = Analgesic and antipyretic Ergotamine tartrate = For migraine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that affects the absorption of drugs from rectal suppositories?

    <p>Particle size of the dispersed drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The larger the particle size of a dispersed drug, the better it dissolves and absorbs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used in rectal suppositories specifically for tranquilization?

    <p>Prochlorperazine or chlorpromazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is NOT desired in an ideal suppository base?

    <p>Chemical reactivity with the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lipid–water partition coefficient of a drug is significant for anticipating drug release from the suppository base.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a suppository base irritates the rectal mucous membranes?

    <p>It may trigger a bowel movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lipophilic drug in a suppository base has a tendency to escape to the surrounding _______ fluids.

    <p>aqueous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties with their descriptions regarding the ideal suppository base:

    <p>Non-toxic = Should not irritate sensitive tissues Easily manufactured = Can be created by compression or molding Stable during storage = Maintains shape and characteristics over time Wetting properties = Facilitates drug absorption in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of a suppository base aids in drug release?

    <p>Melting at body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long acting suppositories are designed to release their drug rapidly for immediate action.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a material used in slow release suppositories?

    <p>Alginic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Suppositories: Solid Dosage Forms

    • Suppositories are solid dosage forms inserted into body cavities (rectum, vagina, urethra)
    • They melt, soften, or dissolve, releasing medication for local or systemic effects.

    Advantages of Suppositories

    • Local effect: Directly targets rectal mucosa.
    • Systemic absorption: Bypasses first-pass metabolism, leading to higher bioavailability.
    • Drug stability: Protects from gastrointestinal degradation.
    • Unconscious patients: Can be administered safely.
    • Swallowing difficulties: Useful for infants or elderly individuals.
    • Postoperative patients: Alternative to oral administration when swallowing is compromised.
    • Nausea & vomiting: Effective when oral medication is not tolerated.
    • Bowel evacuation: Promotes defecation.

    Disadvantages of Suppositories

    • Patient acceptance: Might be uncomfortable for some patients.
    • Dosage variation: Rectal dose may differ from oral dose.
    • Diarrhea: Not suitable for patients with diarrhea.
    • Limited absorption surface: Smaller than the small intestine, leading to incomplete absorption.
    • Bowel evacuation: May promote defecation, reducing drug absorption.
    • Microbial degradation: Drug can be degraded by rectal microflora.

    Rectal Suppositories for Local Effect

    • Used frequently to address local issues.
    • Constipation: Laxatives like glycerin suppositories irritate the mucosa to induce bowel movement.
    • Hemorrhoids: Hydrocortisone suppositories reduce pain, irritation, itching, and inflammation.

    Anti-Hemorrhoidal Suppositories

    • Often contain multiple components for comprehensive relief.
    • Components: Local anesthetics, vasoconstrictors, astringents, analgesics, emollients, protective agents.

    Rectal Suppositories for Systemic Actions

    • Rectal mucosa allows absorption of soluble drugs for systemic effects.
    • Vagina is less commonly used for systemic drug absorption.

    Examples of Systemic Rectal Suppositories

    • Nausea & vomiting: Ondansetron.
    • Tranquilizers: Prochlorperazine and chlorpromazine.
    • Opioid analgesia: Oxymorphone HCl.
    • NSAID: Indomethacin.
    • Analgesic & antipyretic: Paracetamol.
    • Migraine: Ergotamine tartrate.

    Factors Affecting Rectal Absorption

    • Dosage variation: Can be higher or lower than oral dosage, influenced by various factors.

    Physiologic Factors Affecting Rectal Absorption

    • Colonic contents: An empty rectum enhances drug contact with the absorbing surface.
    • Circulation route: Bypasses liver, leading to higher systemic effect for drugs metabolized by the liver.
    • pH and buffering: Rectal fluids are neutral, minimally impacting drug stability.

    Physicochemical Factors Affecting Rectal Absorption

    • Lipid-water solubility: Lipophilic drugs are favored in fatty bases due to less escape into aqueous fluids.
    • Drug concentration: Absorption plateaus beyond a certain concentration threshold.
    • Particle size: Smaller particles increase surface area, promoting dissolution and absorption.
    • Excipient: Must melt, soften, or dissolve at body temperature for drug release.
    • Excipient-drug interactions: Interaction can hinder drug release and absorption.

    Suppository Bases: Requirements

    • Room temperature stability: Solid at room temperature.
    • Body temperature melting: Melts, softens, or dissolves at body temperature to release the drug.
    • Compatibility: No interactions with medication affecting stability or bioavailability.
    • Long-acting formulations: Include materials like alginic acid for prolonged drug release.

    Properties of Ideal Suppository Base

    • Non-toxic: Safe for sensitive tissues.
    • Inert: Does not interact with medication.
    • Stable: Preserves integrity during storage.
    • Manufacturability: Easily compressed or molded.
    • Dissolution/disintegration: Dissolves or disintegrates in body fluids for drug release.
    • Melting: Remains molten long enough to allow molding.
    • Solidification: Rapid solidification for minimal sedimentation.
    • Contraction: Contracts on cooling for easy removal from the mold.
    • Wetting/emulsifying: Promotes drug release and absorption.
    • Stability: Maintains shape, color, odor, and drug release pattern over time.

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    Pharmaceutics Lecture 5: Suppositories PDF

    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of suppositories, including their advantages and disadvantages as solid dosage forms. Explore how these medications can be administered for both local and systemic effects, and understand the contexts in which they are beneficial. Test your knowledge on this important pharmaceutical topic.

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