Supporter Skills
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Questions and Answers

What role should you adopt when interacting with your community?

  • Stabilizer
  • Supporter (correct)
  • Enforcer
  • Community member

    • Which role is required when dealing with critical incidents?

  • Supporter
  • Enforcer
  • Community leader
  • Stabilizer (correct)

    • What is an important aspect of the supporter role?

  • Maintaining order
  • Giving lawful commands
  • Learning about the community (correct)
  • Displaying confidence

    • What is the primary goal of the stabilizer role?

    <p>To guide people through confusion and bring order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation would you assume the enforcer role?

    <p>When making an arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key trait required for the stabilizer role?

    <p>Confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of reaching out to community members?

    <p>They will be more likely to reach out to you for support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of your time will be spent as the enforcer?

    <p>A small proportion of your time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of the procedural justice approach?

    <p>Consistency in rule enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of involving groups in the decision-making process?

    <p>To provide representation and voice to affected groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of impartial decision-making?

    <p>Grounded in relevance and data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of transparent decision-making processes?

    <p>Enhanced perceptions of fairness and justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental basis of ethics in society?

    <p>Principles of right and wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation behind bribery?

    <p>To influence professional conduct or decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the legal classification of perjury in certain proceedings?

    <p>Felony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common thread between bribery and perjury?

    <p>Both involve dishonest or deceitful behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between bribery and perjury?

    <p>One involves influencing decision-making, and the other involves lying under oath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of explicit bias?

    <p>Being openly hateful and biased in actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prejudice in the context of law enforcement?

    <p>An unjustified and baseless attitude towards a person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implicit bias according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary?

    <p>A bias or prejudice that is present but not consciously held or recognized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stereotyping, according to the text?

    <p>Judging a group of people who are different from you based on your own or others' opinions or encounters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between explicit bias and implicit bias?

    <p>Explicit bias is recognized, while implicit bias is not recognized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying cause of discriminatory behavior in law enforcement?

    <p>Prejudices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the First Amendment protect?

    <p>Freedom of speech, press, peaceful assembly, and religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is guaranteed by the Second Amendment?

    <p>The right to bear arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What situations may be protected by the First Amendment?

    <p>Protests, video recording of public activities, and use of offensive language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a protected area under the Fourth Amendment?

    <p>Homes and vehicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement for law enforcement activities under the Fourth Amendment?

    <p>Meeting the reasonableness requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a seizure under the Fourth Amendment?

    <p>A stop and arrest, including the use of force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of requiring a warrant signed by an independent magistrate?

    <p>To protect the rights of the person being searched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying principle behind the Fourth Amendment's protection of privacy?

    <p>Protection of citizens' rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a fundamental principle of due process?

    <p>Fair and consistent enforcement of the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between substantive and procedural due process?

    <p>Substantive due process ensures fair treatment, while procedural due process ensures fair procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying principle behind the Fifth Amendment's protection against double jeopardy?

    <p>To prevent government abuse of power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radio code system uses the word 'signal' before numbers?

    <p>Signals communication system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '10-15' often mean in the 10-code system?

    <p>Prisoner in custody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an alphanumeric code?

    <p>RVB632</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic among individuals who are considered vulnerable adults?

    <p>They have impaired ability to perform daily living activities or provide self-care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible reason for a person's ability to perform daily living activities being impaired?

    <p>Mental, emotional, sensory, or developmental disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is a person considered a vulnerable adult according to the definition?

    <p>18 or older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Gradual destruction of a person's memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of both dementia and Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Changes in personality and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between dementia and Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Dementia is a progressive mental disorder, while Alzheimer's is a brain disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the progression of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Gradual destruction of memory and ability to learn, followed by changes in personality and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Chapter 825, F.S., what is a characteristic of a disabled adult?

    <p>Having a physical or mental limitation that restricts daily activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a condition that may lead to a person being considered a disabled adult?

    <p>Organic brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Chapter 825, F.S., what is a requirement for a person to be considered a disabled adult?

    <p>Being 18 years or older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an impact of a person's physical or mental limitations on their daily life, according to Chapter 825, F.S.?

    <p>They are restricted from performing daily activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of incapacitation that may lead to a person being considered a disabled adult?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people with partial sight?

    <p>They can see and read with magnifiers or other aids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of blindness?

    <p>A functional loss of vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between blindness and partial sight?

    <p>Blindness is a complete loss of vision, while partial sight is a partial loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of correction for people with partial sight?

    <p>Objects still look dim or out of focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of the disabilities listed in the Florida Statutes?

    <p>They manifest before the age of 18 and continue indefinitely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a condition listed as a developmental disability in the Florida Statutes?

    <p>Chronic fatigue syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of a developmental disability on an individual's life, according to the Florida Statutes?

    <p>It constitutes a substantial handicap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age must a developmental disability manifest, according to the Florida Statutes?

    <p>Before the age of 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an intellectual disability, as listed in the Florida Statutes?

    <p>It is a type of developmental disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people with a mild intellectual disability?

    <p>They may not understand long-range consequences or be able to make appropriate choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people with a moderate intellectual disability?

    <p>They can achieve a primary academic education and work under direct supervision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people with a severe intellectual disability?

    <p>They have very slow motor development and communication skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people with a profound intellectual disability?

    <p>They require constant care and supervision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of people with a mild intellectual disability?

    <p>They can learn academic and prevocational skills with special training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between people with a moderate intellectual disability and those with a severe intellectual disability?

    <p>Their motor development and communication skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people with a moderate intellectual disability?

    <p>They can recognize their own needs and wants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a difference between people with a profound intellectual disability and those with a severe intellectual disability?

    <p>Their level of supervision needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people with a profound intellectual disability?

    <p>They require constant care and supervision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of a mental illness on a person's perception of reality?

    <p>It hinders their ability to perceive or understand reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common occurrence in individuals with mental illnesses?

    <p>They have a combination of disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary definition of mental illness according to the Florida Statutes?

    <p>An impairment of the mental or emotional processes that exercise the conscious control of one's actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disorders may a person with a mental illness experience?

    <p>Thought disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or personality disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of mental illness on a person's ability to control their actions?

    <p>It hinders their control over their actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a thought disorder?

    <p>disturbance in a persons ability to create logical sequence of ideas, which can appear as disordered speech or writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a hallucination and a delusion?

    <p>A hallucination is a sensory experience, while a delusion is a false belief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you ask 'What are the voices saying?' instead of 'What do you hear?' to someone who is experiencing hallucinations?

    <p>To discourage the person from thinking you doubt they are hearing things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a delusion?

    <p>A person believes they are someone famous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a delusion?

    <p>It is a false belief despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of a mood disorder?

    <p>Prolonged periods of intense sadness or joyousness that significantly impair daily life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible symptom of a manic episode in a mood disorder?

    <p>Easily distracted or exaggerated sense of self, powers, and abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of mood disorders?

    <p>Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of a person with a mood disorder?

    <p>Uncontrollable crying and suicidal thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between an anxiety disorder and occasional anxiety?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of a panic attack?

    <p>Racing heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does anxiety become a disorder?

    <p>When it affects daily functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible trigger of an anxiety disorder?

    <p>Varied triggers, not always conscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a person's behavior with a personality disorder?

    <p>It is a continuing pattern of inner experience and behavior that differs noticeably from the accepted behavior of a person's culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait of a person with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)?

    <p>They have no regard for right or wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of a person's personality disorder on those around them?

    <p>It causes distress to the people around the affected person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a person with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)?

    <p>They have an exaggerated sense of self-importance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of a person's personality disorder?

    <p>They have difficulty with jobs and socializing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between substance use and substance misuse?

    <p>Substance use is appropriate, while substance misuse is inappropriate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of substance use that can be beneficial?

    <p>Taking aspirin daily to prevent heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of substance misuse?

    <p>It has a negative impact on an individual's life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of substance misuse involving prescription medication?

    <p>Misusing prescribed medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of substance misuse?

    <p>Adverse impacts on an individual's social or occupational life and psychological or physical health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of detoxification in a drug treatment program?

    <p>To manage the symptoms of withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of unmanaged withdrawal symptoms?

    <p>Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical and mental symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or stopped?

    <p>Withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of withdrawal?

    <p>Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of allowing the body to rid itself of a drug?

    <p>Detoxification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do after the initial interviews and assessment of the scene in an investigation of abuse, neglect, or exploitation of an elderly person or disabled adult?

    <p>Work with the Adult Protective Investigator to determine the best course of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you not end your investigation if the victim tells you that they consented to the alleged criminal activity?

    <p>Because the victim may lack the capacity or be unduly influenced into providing consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if the victim is elderly and needs legal assistance?

    <p>Refer them to the Florida Senior Legal Helpline at 888-895-7873</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you document when interacting with the victim?

    <p>The victim's emotional and mental response, including their inability to recall details or provide an accurate account</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible course of action authorized by Chapter 415, F.S.?

    <p>Providing transport or arranging for transport of an elderly person or disabled adult to the appropriate facility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is provided in the brochure regarding sexual battery?

    <p>A definition of sexual battery and the rights of victims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should receive the Sexual Battery—Your Rights and Services brochure?

    <p>Victims and witnesses of sexual battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information must be provided to crime victims at the crime scene or during the investigation?

    <p>The availability of crime victim compensation and crisis intervention services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible service available to victims of sexual battery mentioned in the brochure?

    <p>Possible compensation for medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brochure must be provided to victims of domestic violence at the earliest opportunity?

    <p>Notice of Legal Rights and Remedies for Victims of Domestic Violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another type of brochure that victims of domestic violence may receive?

    <p>Marsy’s Law card or brochure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Sexual Battery–Your Rights and Services Brochure?

    <p>To inform victims of sexual battery about their rights and available services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of distributing the brochures?

    <p>To inform victims of their rights and available resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What right do crime victims have during criminal or juvenile justice proceedings?

    <p>The right to be informed, present, and heard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is exempt from public inspection for victims of domestic violence?

    <p>Their victim information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brochure should victims and witnesses of domestic violence that involve sexual battery receive?

    <p>Sexual Battery—Your Rights and Services brochure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brochure should be given to victims and witnesses of domestic violence?

    <p>Victims’ Rights Brochure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brochure should victims and witnesses of sexual battery receive?

    <p>Sexual Battery—Your Rights and Services brochure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should victims and witnesses of domestic violence that involve sexual battery also receive?

    <p>Marsy’s Law card or brochure and Victims’ Rights Brochure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary element for assault, according to Chapter 784, F.S.?

    <p>The suspect had the ability to carry out the threat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of the crime committed by someone who assaults another with a deadly weapon?

    <p>Felony of the third degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor that distinguishes aggravated assault from simple assault?

    <p>The use of a deadly weapon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum requirement for a weapon to be considered deadly?

    <p>It is used in a way likely to cause death or great bodily harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the victim's state of mind that is necessary for assault?

    <p>Fear of being harmed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of the crime committed by someone who commits simple assault?

    <p>Misdemeanor of the second degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary element that distinguishes an assault from a battery?

    <p>Verbal or nonverbal threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mental state required for a suspect to be considered to have committed an assault?

    <p>The suspect must have intentionally and unlawfully threatened the victim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on the victim that is required to establish an assault?

    <p>A well-founded fear that violence was about to take place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in determining whether a suspect has the ability to carry out a threat?

    <p>The suspect's apparent ability to carry out the threat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statute outlines the elements of both assault and battery?

    <p>Chapter 784, F.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for a battery charge to be upgraded to aggravated battery if the victim is pregnant?

    <p>The suspect should have known the victim was pregnant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of aggravated battery?

    <p>A suspect punches a victim, causing permanent disfigurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of committing aggravated battery with a deadly weapon?

    <p>The suspect faces increased penalties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between battery and aggravated battery?

    <p>The intent to cause great bodily harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the individuals protected under the statutory chapter allowing warrantless arrest for assault?

    <p>Law enforcement officers, firefighters, emergency medical care providers, and public transit employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence is required to establish probable cause for a warrantless arrest?

    <p>Physical evidence or a sworn statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of domestic violence that involves false imprisonment?

    <p>Kidnapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of domestic violence?

    <p>Robbery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that defines domestic violence?

    <p>The relationship between the perpetrator and the victim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dating violence is violence between people who have or have had a continuing and significant relationship of a romantic or ______ nature.

    <p>intimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This is based on a dating relationship within the past ______ months.

    <p>six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The character of the relationship includes the expectation of ______ or sexual involvement.

    <p>affection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The frequency and type of ______ must have occurred over time and on a continuous basis.

    <p>interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dating violence is violence between people who have or have had a continuing and significant ______ of a romantic or intimate nature.

    <p>relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Community Roles

    Supporter

    • Helps people who are grieving, hurt, or experiencing a personal tragedy
    • Requires being a compassionate and reassuring presence
    • Involves learning about the community and its people to provide effective support
    • Reaching out to community members increases the likelihood of building trust and receiving support in return

    Stabilizer

    • Displays confidence to calm others in critical incidents
    • Maintains composure and confidence in capabilities to guide those who are struggling
    • Helps bring order to uncontrolled situations, such as disaster recovery and traffic crashes

    Enforcer

    • Typically associated with law enforcement duties
    • Involves making arrests and maintaining order by giving lawful commands when necessary
    • Requires assertiveness and giving orders rather than asking questions
    • Although important, this role is less frequent compared to the supporter and stabilizer roles

    Procedural Justice Approach

    • Focuses on carrying out justice in a fair and equitable manner
    • Research suggests that when people believe they have been treated justly by law enforcement, they are more likely to comply and have a more positive view of law enforcement

    Four Pillars of Procedural Justice

    Fairness and Consistency

    • Perception of fairness is not just about outcomes
    • Consistency in decision-making is crucial
    • Treat people with respect and dignity

    Voice and Representation

    • Involve groups in the decisions that affect them
    • Listen to their concerns and opinions

    Transparency and Openness

    • Decisions are made without secrets and deception
    • Process is transparent and open to scrutiny

    Impartiality and Unbiased Decision-Making

    • Decisions are based on relevance and data
    • Free from biases and prejudices

    Ethics and Professional Conduct

    • Ethics are social standards that define right and wrong behavior
    • Bribery involves accepting something that influences professional conduct or decision-making for personal benefit
    • Perjury is the act of lying in court after taking an oath
    • Perjury is a felony in certain proceedings, such as testifying in court or giving a deposition
    • Criminal violations of perjury vary depending on the situation

    Bias and Unbiased Policing

    • Bias is the unfair treatment and attitude toward a group of people, considered unethical behavior
    • Unbiased policing ensures equal treatment of individuals regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, national origin, and other characteristics
    • Decisions in unbiased policing are based on evidence and data, rather than emotions and predetermined ideas

    Types of Bias

    • Explicit bias: a conscious and intentional dislike of certain groups, often leading to openly hateful and biased actions
    • Implicit bias: an unconscious bias or prejudice, present but not consciously recognized or acknowledged
    • Implicit bias can be influenced by factors such as media, lack of exposure to diverse groups, and societal conditioning

    Stereotyping and Prejudice

    • Stereotyping: judging a group of people based on opinions or encounters, categorizing people unfairly
    • Stereotyping can lead to missed valuable information and clues, and can be both positive and negative
    • Prejudice: an unjustified and baseless attitude toward a person based on their social group membership
    • Prejudice can grow from learned behavior and attitudes, and can lead to discrimination

    Discrimination and Liability

    • Discrimination: acting on prejudices, leading to unfair treatment of individuals or groups
    • Discrimination can break down relationships between law enforcement and the communities they serve, and can lead to liability

    Bias and Unbiased Policing

    • Bias is the unfair treatment and attitude toward a group of people, considered unethical behavior
    • Unbiased policing ensures equal treatment of individuals regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, national origin, and other characteristics
    • Decisions in unbiased policing are based on evidence and data, rather than emotions and predetermined ideas

    Types of Bias

    • Explicit bias: a conscious and intentional dislike of certain groups, often leading to openly hateful and biased actions
    • Implicit bias: an unconscious bias or prejudice, present but not consciously recognized or acknowledged
    • Implicit bias can be influenced by factors such as media, lack of exposure to diverse groups, and societal conditioning

    Stereotyping and Prejudice

    • Stereotyping: judging a group of people based on opinions or encounters, categorizing people unfairly
    • Stereotyping can lead to missed valuable information and clues, and can be both positive and negative
    • Prejudice: an unjustified and baseless attitude toward a person based on their social group membership
    • Prejudice can grow from learned behavior and attitudes, and can lead to discrimination

    Discrimination and Liability

    • Discrimination: acting on prejudices, leading to unfair treatment of individuals or groups
    • Discrimination can break down relationships between law enforcement and the communities they serve, and can lead to liability

    Discrimination and Its Consequences

    • Discrimination occurs when individuals act on their prejudices.
    • This behavior can damage the relationship between law enforcement and the communities they serve.
    • It can also lead to legal liability.

    Freedoms Protected by the First Amendment

    • The First Amendment guarantees the freedom of speech, press, peaceful assembly, and religion.
    • Situations protected by the First Amendment include protests, video recording of public activities, and the use of offensive language toward law enforcement.

    Right to Bear Arms

    • The Second Amendment guarantees the right to bear arms.
    • The Florida Statutes provide guidelines for firearms in the state of Florida.

    The Fourth Amendment

    • Prohibits unreasonable search and seizure
    • May require a warrant signed by an independent magistrate (judge)

    Scope of Protection

    • Applies to entry into homes, vehicles, luggage, purses, or other places where a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy
    • Includes a person's physical body

    Law Enforcement Activities

    • Stops and arrests are considered seizures
    • Must meet the reasonableness requirement of the Fourth Amendment
    • Exceptions to the Fourth Amendment apply to law enforcement activities

    The Fifth Amendment

    • Prohibits compelled self-incrimination
    • Requires grand jury indictment for capital crimes
    • Prohibits double jeopardy
    • Prohibits deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law

    Due Process

    • Means laws must be applied fairly and equally to all people
    • Declares government shall not deprive anyone of life, liberty, or property without cause

    Types of Due Process

    Substantive Due Process

    • Refers to fair and consistent enforcement of the law
    • Ensures people are treated fairly

    Procedural Due Process

    • Refers to procedures that must be followed to protect a person's rights during a criminal justice process
    • Entitles everyone to every step in the criminal justice process

    Radio Protocol

    • Describes customs and regulations for constructing and transmitting radio messages
    • Includes proper use of codes and signals, which may vary among agencies and regions

    Types of Radio Codes

    • Phonetic-alphabet or uniform codes: used by some agencies
    • Plain talk: speaking in a clear, concise, professional manner without signals or codes

    Benefits of Radio Codes

    • Save airtime
    • Express exact and definite meanings
    • Keep radio communications consistent and professional

    When to Use Codes

    • Use appropriate codes when near a suspect to reduce risks and dangers of exposing actions

    Radio Code Systems

    Signal Communication System

    • Uses "signal" before numbers (e.g., "signal 0" often means an armed person)

    Phonetic-Alphabet System

    • Uses letters of the English alphabet to identify letters in voice communication (e.g., "A" = Alpha, "B" = Bravo)

    Numeric or 10-Code System

    • Uses the number "10" before other numbers that represent specific activities (e.g., "10-15" often means prisoner in custody)

    Alphanumeric Code System

    • Combines letters and numbers that may include officer call signs or vehicle license plate numbers (e.g., "RVB632" spoken as "Romeo Victor Bravo Six Three Two")

    Vulnerable Adults

    • A vulnerable adult is a person 18 years or older who struggles to perform everyday activities or provide self-care due to impairment.
    • Impairment can result from various conditions, including:
      • Mental disability
      • Emotional disability
      • Sensory disability
      • Long-term physical disability
      • Developmental disability
      • Brain damage
      • Infirmities of aging

    Causes of Memory Loss in the Elderly

    • Dementia is a progressive mental disorder causing memory loss, impaired judgment, and changes in personality
    • Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory, learning, reasoning, judgment, communication, and daily functioning abilities
    • As Alzheimer's disease progresses, it can also cause:
      • Changes in personality and behavior
      • Anxiety, suspicion, or agitation
      • Delusions
      • Hallucinations

    Definition of a Disabled Adult

    • A disabled adult is defined as a person 18 years of age or older.
    • This individual suffers from a condition of physical or mental incapacitation.
    • Causes of incapacitation may include: • Developmental disability • Organic brain damage • Mental illness
    • The condition restricts the person's ability to perform normal activities of daily living.
    • The restriction may be due to one or more physical or mental limitations.

    Vision Impairment Definition

    • Vision impairment is a loss or partial loss of sight that cannot be corrected by usual means, such as glasses.

    Types of Vision Impairments

    • Blindness is a functional loss of vision, including people who cannot see at all or have some vision in one or both eyes.
    • Partial sight is a visual impairment in which objects still look dim or out of focus after correction.

    Characteristics of Partial Sight

    • People with partial sight may not see color well or at all.
    • They may lack peripheral vision, but can still see and even read with magnifiers or other aids.

    Definition of Developmental Disability

    • A developmental disability is a disorder or syndrome attributed to one of the following: • Cerebral palsy • Autism • Spina bifida • Down syndrome • Phelan-McDermid syndrome • Prader-Willi syndrome • Intellectual disability
    • It must manifest before the age of 18
    • It constitutes a substantial handicap
    • It continues indefinitely

    Characteristics of Intellectual Disability

    • Most people with intellectual disabilities have a mild level of disability, which may not be easily recognizable.
    • People with mild intellectual disabilities can:
      • Learn academic and prevocational skills with special training
      • Work within their community
      • Realize when they have done something wrong
      • May not understand long-range consequences or make appropriate choices

    Moderate Intellectual Disability

    • People with moderate intellectual disabilities can:
      • Recognize their own needs and wants
      • Achieve a primary academic education
      • Perform semiskilled work under direct supervision
      • Be independent in familiar surroundings
    • They may have difficulty:
      • Identifying the needs and wants of others
      • Describing events in chronological order
      • Understanding cause and effect
      • Grasping the significance of their actions

    Severe Intellectual Disability

    • People with severe intellectual disabilities have:
      • Slow motor development and communication skills
      • Require close and constant supervision (e.g., in a group home setting)
      • Are encouraged to contribute to their own self-maintenance
      • May not be fully capable of living independently

    Profound Intellectual Disability

    • People with profound intellectual disabilities:
      • Require constant care and supervision
      • May or may not have well-developed basic speech
      • Typically, caregivers are dealt with directly, rather than the individual themselves

    Characteristics of Intellectual Disability

    • Most people with intellectual disabilities have a mild level of disability, which may not be easily recognizable.
    • People with mild intellectual disabilities can:
      • Learn academic and prevocational skills with special training
      • Work within their community
      • Realize when they have done something wrong
      • May not understand long-range consequences or make appropriate choices

    Moderate Intellectual Disability

    • People with moderate intellectual disabilities can:
      • Recognize their own needs and wants
      • Achieve a primary academic education
      • Perform semiskilled work under direct supervision
      • Be independent in familiar surroundings
    • They may have difficulty:
      • Identifying the needs and wants of others
      • Describing events in chronological order
      • Understanding cause and effect
      • Grasping the significance of their actions

    Severe Intellectual Disability

    • People with severe intellectual disabilities have:
      • Slow motor development and communication skills
      • Require close and constant supervision (e.g., in a group home setting)
      • Are encouraged to contribute to their own self-maintenance
      • May not be fully capable of living independently

    Profound Intellectual Disability

    • People with profound intellectual disabilities:
      • Require constant care and supervision
      • May or may not have well-developed basic speech
      • Typically, caregivers are dealt with directly, rather than the individual themselves

    Mental Illness

    • Impairment of mental or emotional processes that exercise conscious control of one's actions
    • Can hinder a person's ability to perceive or understand reality
    • Types of mental illnesses include thought disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders
    • Can occur in people of all intellectual abilities, and is not directly related to intelligence
    • May require psychiatric evaluation and treatment

    Difference between Mental Illness and Developmental Disabilities

    • Developmental disabilities involve below average intellectual functioning and the ability to learn and process information
    • Developmental disabilities occur before a person reaches adulthood
    • Mental illness refers to disturbances in how people process their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and can occur at any time in a person's life

    Definition of Mental Illness

    • Mental illness is an impairment of mental or emotional processes that affect conscious control over one's actions
    • It can hinder a person's ability to perceive or understand reality

    Types of Mental Illness

    • Thought disorders
    • Mood disorders
    • Anxiety disorders
    • Personality disorders
    • Combinations of these disorders are common

    Thought Disorders

    • A thought disorder is a disturbance in a person's ability to create a logical sequence of ideas, manifesting as disorganized speech or writing.

    Recognizing Thought Disorders

    • Observe symptoms, including disorganized and illogical thoughts, and reports of hallucinations.

    Hallucinations

    • A hallucination is a sensory experience where a person perceives something that is not there, such as seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or feeling something that does not exist.

    Communicating with Someone with Hallucinations

    • When interacting with someone who reports hallucinations, ask open-ended questions like "What are the voices saying?" rather than "What do you hear?" to avoid implying doubt about their experience.

    Delusions

    • A delusion is a firmly held false belief that persists despite evidence to the contrary, and is the person's reality.
    • Examples of delusions include believing oneself to be a famous person or being followed by the CIA.

    Mood Disorders

    • Emotional disturbances characterized by long periods of excessive sadness, excessive joyousness, or both
    • Different from brief, situational depressive episodes triggered by loss of a loved one, job, or finances
    • Diagnosed when sadness or joyousness is overly intense and persistent, significantly impairing daily functioning

    Characteristics of Mood Disorders

    • Depression: profound sadness, suicidal thoughts, uncontrollable crying, inability to concentrate, eat, or sleep
    • Mania: easy distraction, exaggerated sense of self, powers, and abilities

    Examples of Mood Disorders

    • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
    • Bipolar Disorder (BD)

    Characteristics of Anxiety Disorders

    • Anxiety disorders are different from occasional anxiety, with more frequent, intense, and longer-lasting episodes
    • The disorder does not go away and can worsen over time
    • Anxiety becomes a disorder when it affects daily functioning ability

    Impact of Anxiety Disorders

    • Anxiety disorders can range from mild to debilitating in intensity
    • They can affect many people, not just those with a disorder

    Triggers and Symptoms

    • Triggers of anxiety disorders are varied and not always conscious
    • Panic attacks may occur, accompanied by symptoms such as:
      • Racing heartbeat
      • Sweating
      • Tension
      • Feeling that something terrible is about to happen
      • Chest pain or discomfort
      • Trembling
      • Choking
      • Feeling of impending death

    Specific Anxiety Disorders

    Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

    • Characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts (obsessions)
    • Accompanied by behaviors (compulsions) that feel the urge to repeat over and over

    Definition of Personality Disorders

    • A personality disorder is a deeply ingrained, nonpsychotic, and inflexible pattern of relating, perceiving, and behaving.
    • It involves a continuing pattern of inner experience and behavior that differs noticeably from the accepted behavior of a person's culture.

    Characteristics of Personality Disorders

    • Causes distress to the people around the affected person.
    • May display anxious, fearful, dramatic, emotional, or unpredictable behavior.
    • Impaired functioning, such as difficulties with jobs or socializing.

    Behavioral Patterns

    • Lying and exploiting for personal gain and pleasure.
    • Lack of empathy.
    • No regard for right or wrong.
    • Unnecessary risk takers.

    Examples of Personality Disorders

    • Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD).
    • Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD).

    Substance Use

    • Substance use refers to the intake of a substance that can lead to substance misuse.
    • It can be a legal therapeutic prescription or an illegal recreational use of the substance.

    Examples of Substance Use

    • Having a casual drink with friends.
    • Taking a prescribed drug according to label directions.
    • Taking aspirin daily to prevent heart disease.

    Substance Misuse (Substance Abuse)

    • The inappropriate use of a substance that negatively affects the mind and body.
    • It adversely impacts an individual’s social or occupational life and psychological or physical health.

    Examples of Substance Misuse

    • Misusing prescribed medication.
    • Binge drinking.
    • Sniffing or inhaling glue.
    • Using cocaine.

    Detoxification in Drug Treatment

    • Detoxification is the initial step in a drug treatment program
    • It involves allowing the body to rid itself of a drug while managing withdrawal symptoms

    Withdrawal Symptoms

    • Withdrawal refers to physical and mental symptoms that occur when chronic drug use is reduced or stopped
    • Symptoms vary depending on the drug, and can include:
      • Agitation
      • Confusion
      • Cramps
      • Sweating
      • Convulsions
    • Unmanaged withdrawal symptoms can lead to death in extreme cases

    Investigative Work

    • Establish a reputation in court and in public based on the quality of investigative work
    • Prioritize preserving life and then preserving the scene for investigation
    • Approach incidents with compassion and a reassuring presence
    • Assume the role of stabilizer or enforcer based on the circumstances

    Scene Safety

    • Do not stand directly in front of the door to avoid a fatal funnel situation
    • Identify yourself and state the purpose of your visit
    • Move to a position of advantage to avoid being attacked from behind
    • Stay out of doorways and visually assess the scene
    • Observe people's hands, body language, and facial expressions
    • Scan the room for hazards, such as possible weapons, dangerous pets, or hiding places

    Initial Response

    • Ask witnesses or victims if there is anyone present who may have a weapon
    • Deal with any immediate threats first
    • Initial response to a call can influence the level of cooperation received from victims, witnesses, and those on the scene

    Crimes Against Persons

    • Unit 1 covers Basic Investigations, including The Investigative Sequence and Victims' Rights and Brochures
    • Unit 2 covers various crimes, including Assault and Battery, Domestic Violence, Stalking, Child Abuse, and more

    Investigative Sequence

    • Follow a basic investigative sequence that focuses on fairness in the process and outcome
    • Assess the situation, gather information, and take action based on the situation

    Gathering Information

    • Take extra time to be sensitive to the person's needs and observe carefully
    • Physically separate the victim from the suspect
    • Document the victim's emotional and mental response, including the inability to recall details or provide an accurate account
    • Interview the primary caregiver to get a statement about the allegations

    Course of Action

    • Work with the Adult Protective Investigator (API) to determine the best course of action to ensure the victim's safety
    • Inform the victim of their right to file an injunction for protection against exploitation or domestic violence
    • Refer the victim to appropriate resources, such as the Florida Senior Legal Helpline or Disability Rights Florida

    Victims' Rights Brochure

    • Crime victims must be given a Victims' Rights Brochure or an information card at the crime scene or during the investigation.
    • The brochure provides information on:
      • Availability of crime victim compensation
      • Crisis intervention services and bereavement counseling
      • Social service support referrals and community-based victim treatment programs
      • The role of the victim in the criminal or juvenile justice process
      • The stages of the criminal or juvenile justice process
      • The right of the victim to be informed, present, and heard during criminal or juvenile justice proceedings
      • The right to submit written statements if the victim is incarcerated
    • Victims of domestic violence must receive a Notice of Legal Rights and Remedies brochure at the earliest opportunity.
    • The brochure discusses:
      • Definitions of domestic violence, sexual violence, dating violence, repeat violence, and stalking
      • Florida's domestic violence law and how it can help victims
      • What to do if the abuser violates an injunction
      • Victim information that is exempt from public inspection
      • Who to contact for more information

    Sexual Battery–Your Rights and Services Brochure

    • Victims of sexual battery must receive a Sexual Battery–Your Rights and Services brochure.
    • The brochure provides information on:
      • Definition of sexual battery
      • Rights of victims and compensation, resources, and services available to them
      • Possible compensation for medical care
      • What evidence may be collected

    Distributing Brochures

    • All crime victims and witnesses should receive a Victims' Rights Brochure and a Marsy's Law card or brochure.
    • Victims and witnesses of domestic violence should receive a Notice of Legal Rights and Remedies brochure and a Marsy's Law card or brochure.
    • Victims and witnesses of sexual battery should receive a Sexual Battery–Your Rights and Services brochure and a Marsy's Law card or brochure.
    • Victims and witnesses of domestic violence that involve sexual battery should receive all three brochures and a Marsy's Law card or brochure.

    Distribution of Brochures

    • Victims and witnesses of domestic violence, sexual battery, and domestic violence involving sexual battery should receive a Victims' Rights Brochure.
    • Marsy's Law card or brochure should be distributed to victims and witnesses of domestic violence, sexual battery, and domestic violence involving sexual battery.
    • A Notice of Legal Rights and Remedies brochure should be provided to victims and witnesses of domestic violence and sexual battery.
    • A Sexual Battery—Your Rights and Services brochure should be given to victims and witnesses of sexual battery and domestic violence involving sexual battery.

    Assault and Battery

    • Assault involves verbal or nonverbal threats that put the victim in fear of being harmed
    • Examples of assault include raising a fist in a threatening manner, even without verbal threats

    Elements of Assault

    • The suspect must intentionally and unlawfully threaten to do violence to the victim
    • The suspect must appear to have the ability to carry out the threat
    • The threat must create a well-founded fear in the victim that violence is about to take place

    Punishment for Assault

    • Assault is a misdemeanor of the second degree

    Aggravated Assault

    • Aggravated assault involves committing all elements of assault
    • Aggravated assault also involves making the assault with a deadly weapon without intent to kill, or with an intent to commit a felony
    • A weapon is considered deadly if it is used or threatened to be used in a way likely to cause death or great bodily harm
    • Examples of aggravated assault include pointing a gun at someone, even if there is no intention of firing it, if the victim fears being shot

    Punishment for Aggravated Assault

    • Aggravated assault is a felony of the third degree

    Assault

    • An assault involves intentional and unlawful threats, which can be verbal or nonverbal, to harm a victim
    • Nonverbal threats can include physical actions that put the victim in fear, such as raising a fist in a threatening manner
    • For an act to be considered assault, the suspect must:
      • Intentionally make a threat, either verbally or through actions
      • Appear to have the ability to carry out the threat at the time it was made
      • Cause the victim to reasonably fear that violence is about to occur

    Ethics and Professional Conduct

    • Ethics are standards of conduct based on principles of right and wrong defined by society
    • Bribery is accepting something for personal benefit that influences professional conduct or decision-making
    • Perjury is lying in court after taking an oath, and it's a felony in proceedings such as testifying in court or giving a deposition

    Community Roles

    • Supporter: provides emotional support and reassurance to people in need, such as those who are grieving, hurt, or experiencing a personal tragedy
    • Stabilizer: maintains calm and confidence in critical situations, such as disaster recovery or responding to a traffic crash
    • Enforcer: carries out duties associated with law enforcement, such as making arrests and maintaining order

    Procedural Justice

    • Focuses on carrying out justice in a fair and equitable manner
    • Four main pillars:
      • Fairness and consistency of rule application
      • Voice and representation in the process
      • Transparency and openness of the process
      • Impartiality and unbiased decision-making

    Unbiased Policing

    • Equal treatment of any person regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, etc.
    • Bias can be explicit (conscious) or implicit (unconscious)
    • Stereotyping is judging a group based on opinions or encounters, and it's unfair and can lead to missed information
    • Law enforcement officers should avoid prejudice and discrimination

    Constitutional Amendments

    • First Amendment: protects freedom of speech, press, peaceful assembly, and religion
    • Second Amendment: guarantees the right to bear arms
    • Fourth Amendment: prohibits unreasonable search and seizure, and may require a warrant
    • Fifth Amendment: prohibits compelled self-incrimination, and guarantees due process of law

    Due Process

    • Means that laws must be applied fairly and equally to all people
    • Two types:
      • Substantive due process: fair and consistent enforcement of the law
      • Procedural due process: procedures that must be followed to protect a person's rights

    Radio Protocol

    • Customs and regulations for constructing and transmitting radio messages
    • Includes proper use of codes and signals
    • Four basic radio codes:
      • Signals communication
      • Phonetic-alphabet system
      • Numeric or 10-code system
      • Alphanumeric code system

    Vulnerable Adults

    • A person 18 or older whose ability to perform daily activities is impaired due to mental, emotional, or physical disability
    • Common causes of memory loss in elderly people:
      • Dementia
      • Alzheimer's disease

    Developmental Disabilities

    • Defined by the Florida Statutes as a disorder or syndrome that is attributable to certain conditions, such as cerebral palsy, autism, or Down syndrome
    • Manifests before the age of 18, constitutes a substantial handicap, and continues indefinitely
    • People with intellectual disabilities may function at different levels, including mild, moderate, severe, or profound

    Mental Illness

    • Defined by the Florida Statutes as an impairment of the mental or emotional processes that exercise conscious control of one's actions
    • May hinder a person's ability to perceive or understand reality
    • Types of mental illnesses:
      • Thought disorder
      • Mood disorder
      • Anxiety disorder
      • Personality disorder### Thought Disorders
    • A disturbance in a person's ability to create a logical sequence of ideas, appearing as disordered speech or writing
    • Symptoms: disorganized thoughts, hallucinations (sensory experiences that are not real)
    • Examples: hearing voices, seeing things that are not present

    Mood Disorders

    • Emotional disturbances with long periods of excessive sadness, joyousness, or both
    • Symptoms: overly intense and persistent sadness or joyousness, impairing daily function
    • Examples: major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD)

    Anxiety Disorders

    • More frequent and intense anxiety episodes, lasting longer and affecting daily function
    • Symptoms: panic attacks, sweating, tension, feeling of impending doom
    • Examples: obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder

    Personality Disorders

    • Inflexible patterns of relating, perceiving, and behaving, differing from cultural norms
    • Symptoms: anxious, fearful, dramatic, emotional, or unpredictable behavior
    • Examples: antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)

    Substance Use and Misuse

    • Intake of a substance, potentially leading to misuse
    • Symptoms: inappropriate use, negatively impacting social or occupational life and health
    • Examples: misusing prescribed medication, binge drinking, using cocaine

    Detoxification and Withdrawal

    • Process of allowing the body to rid itself of a drug, managing withdrawal symptoms
    • Symptoms: agitation, confusion, cramps, sweating, convulsions

    Investigative Sequence

    • Basic steps for responding to a call, preserving life and scene
    • Steps: approach the scene safely, identify yourself, move to a position of advantage, visually assess the scene

    Scene Safety

    • Approach the scene cautiously, avoiding fatal funnel situations
    • Identify yourself, move to a position of advantage, and visually assess the scene

    Crimes Against Persons

    • Examples: assault, battery, domestic violence, stalking, child abuse, abuse of an elderly person or disabled adult
    • Investigations: gather information, observe carefully, speak clearly, and have patience

    Victims' Rights and Services

    • Brochures provide information on rights, compensation, and resources
    • Examples: Victims' Rights Brochure, Notice of Legal Rights and Remedies, Sexual Battery—Your Rights and Services brochure

    Battery

    • Battery involves intentionally touching or striking a victim against their will or causing bodily harm
    • It requires the suspect to have acted intentionally, without the victim's consent

    Aggravated Battery

    • Aggravated battery involves intent or knowledge that great bodily harm will be caused
    • If the victim is pregnant, and the suspect knew or should have known, it upgrades a battery charge to aggravated battery
    • Aggravated battery requires the suspect to have committed battery and either:
      • Intentionally or knowingly caused great bodily harm, permanent disability, or permanent disfigurement to the victim
      • Used a deadly weapon

    Arrest for Assault without a Warrant

    • Arrest can be made without a warrant if the assault occurs in the officer's presence.
    • Arrest can be made without a warrant in domestic violence situations.
    • Arrest can be made without a warrant if the assault is committed upon a law enforcement officer, firefighter, emergency medical care provider, public transit employee, or another officer.

    Warrantless Arrest for Battery

    • Warrantless arrest can be made for battery if there is probable cause to believe a misdemeanor was committed.
    • Warrantless arrest can be made if probable cause identifies the accused as the perpetrator of the crime.
    • Probable cause can consist of physical evidence or sworn statements.

    Definition of Domestic Violence

    • Domestic violence is defined as any of the following acts committed by one family or household member against another:
      • Assault
      • Aggravated assault
      • Battery
      • Aggravated battery
      • Sexual assault
      • Sexual battery
      • Stalking
      • Aggravated stalking
      • Kidnapping
      • False imprisonment
    • Additionally, domestic violence includes any criminal offense that results in physical injury or death of one family or household member by another.

    Definition of Dating Violence

    • Dating violence refers to violence between people who have or have had a continuing and significant romantic or intimate relationship.

    Characteristics of Dating Relationship

    • A dating relationship exists if it occurred within the past six months.
    • The relationship involves the expectation of affection or sexual involvement.
    • The frequency and type of interaction must have occurred over time and on a continuous basis.

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