Supply Chain Sustainability in CSR

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of supply chain sustainability in the context of CSR?

To protect the organization and its employees from legal action

To maximize profits

To meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations (correct)

To create an organization that operates consistently

Which of the following is NOT a reason for organizations to pursue CSR goals?

To foster good business practices

To gain the goodwill of the community

To create an organization that operates consistently

To increase profits (correct)

What is a key step in incorporating ethical considerations into decision making?

Implementing the decision

Identifying alternatives

Weighing various laws, guidelines, and principles (correct)

Defining the problem

Which of the following measures can organizations take to improve their business ethics?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of CSR in the context of supply chain sustainability?

To meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for organizations to create an ethical work environment?

To avoid unfavorable publicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of not incorporating ethical considerations into decision making?

Unfavorable publicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a corporate ethics officer in an organization?

To set and model high ethical standards Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the COPPA?

Privacy policies for websites catering to children Signup and view all the answers

Which act allows for the tangential collection of U.S. citizen data, even when those citizens are not specifically targeted?

Executive Order 12333 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the CALEA?

To require the telecommunications industry to build tools for eavesdropping and intercepting electronic communications Signup and view all the answers

Which act modified 15 existing statutes and gave sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies?

USA PATRIOT Act Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the ECPA?

Protection of communications while in transit and in electronic storage Signup and view all the answers

Which act regulates the interception of wire and oral communications?

Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Signup and view all the answers

Which act authorized intelligence gathering on individuals not affiliated with any known terrorist organization?

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments Act of 2004 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of FISA?

To regulate electronic surveillance of foreign intelligence information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of e-discovery in legal proceedings?

To collect and review electronically stored information for use in criminal and civil actions Signup and view all the answers

What is predictive coding, and how does it work?

A process that couples human intelligence with computer-driven concept searching to train document review software Signup and view all the answers

Why do many organizations have developed IT usage policies?

To protect against employee abuses that can reduce worker productivity and expose employers to harassment lawsuits Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of U.S. firms record and review employee communications and activities on the job?

About 80 percent Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding the use of advanced surveillance technologies?

They may be a violation of civil liberties Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an EDR?

To track and record vehicle and occupant data in case of a crash Signup and view all the answers

What can stalking apps be used to do?

Perform location tracking, record calls and conversations, and view every text and photograph sent or received Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the protection of freedom of expression in the United States?

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why organizations file a John Doe lawsuit?

To gain subpoena power to learn the identity of anonymous Internet users Signup and view all the answers

What is the only circumstance in which legal recourse is possible for hate speech in the United States?

When hate speech is directed towards a specific citizen Signup and view all the answers

Why do some ISPs and social networking sites prohibit hate messages?

To include prohibitions in their service contracts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for organizations when dealing with pornography in the workplace?

Preventing sexual harassment lawsuits Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a valid defense for companies in a sexual harassment lawsuit?

Showing that they were taking reasonable steps to prevent pornography Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe sending sexual messages, nude or seminude photos, or sexually explicit videos over a cell phone?

Sexting Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying those who violate a company's computer usage policy?

To take action against those users and prevent future violations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for organizations when dealing with hate speech on the internet?

Protecting their reputation from hate speech Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of raising patient awareness and managing technology costs in the healthcare industry?

To reduce healthcare spending Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an electronic medical record (EMR) and an electronic health record (EHR)?

EMR is designed for single healthcare organizations while EHR is designed for multiple organizations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of health information exchange (HIE)?

More cost-effective and higher-quality care Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a personal health record (PHR)?

To allow patients to own and control their health information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of clinical decision support (CDS) systems?

To enhance health-related decision making through the use of clinical knowledge and patient-specific information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems?

Streamlined ordering process Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of telehealth?

To employ modern telecommunications and information technologies to provide medical care to people who live or work far away from healthcare providers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an electronic health record (EHR) and a personal health record (PHR)?

EHR is a comprehensive view of the patient’s complete medical history while PHR includes those portions of the EHR that an individual patient owns and controls Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Fair Credit Reporting Act?

To regulate the operations of credit reporting bureaus Signup and view all the answers

Which act established mandatory guidelines for the collection and disclosure of personal financial information?

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act for EHRs?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the HIPAA?

To improve the portability and continuity of health insurance coverage Signup and view all the answers

Which act allows consumers to request and obtain a free credit report each year?

Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the FERPA?

To provide students and their parents with specific rights regarding the release of student records Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding the use of private industry in terms of privacy protection?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laws does NOT provide privacy protection from private industry?

USA Patriot Act Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the COPPA?

Offering comprehensive privacy policies to children under the age of 13 Signup and view all the answers

Which Act allows for the tangential collection of U.S. citizen data, even when those citizens are not specifically targeted?

Executive Order 12333 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the CALEA?

To require telecommunications industry to build tools for eavesdropping on conversations Signup and view all the answers

Which Act modified 15 existing statutes and gave sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies?

USA Patriot Act Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the ECPA?

Dealing with the protection of communications while in transit from sender to receiver Signup and view all the answers

Which Act regulates the interception of wire and oral communications?

Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Signup and view all the answers

Which Act authorized intelligence gathering on individuals not affiliated with any known terrorist organization?

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments Act of 2004 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of FISA?

To describe procedures for the electronic surveillance and collection of foreign intelligence information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the USA Freedom Act?

To terminate the bulk collection of telephone metadata by the NSA Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a set of guidelines that govern the collection and use of personal data?

Fair information practices Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the European–United States Privacy Shield Data Transfer Program Guidelines?

To allow businesses to transfer personal data about European citizens to the United States Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the OECD guidelines for the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Data Flows of Personal Data?

To ensure the ethical treatment of consumer data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act?

To allow roving wiretaps and searches of business records Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the European Union Data Protection Directive?

To ensure data transferred to non-EU countries is protected Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008?

To grant the NSA expanded authority to collect international communications Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'safe harbor' principles?

To allow U.S. companies to process and store data of European consumers and companies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of e-discovery in legal proceedings?

To collect and review electronic data for use in criminal and civil actions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding the use of advanced surveillance technologies?

They violate civil liberties Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an EDR?

To record vehicle and occupant data in the event of a crash Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding the use of stalking apps?

They can be used to violate privacy and track personal activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the protection of freedom of expression in the United States?

The First Amendment to the US Constitution Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?

To standardize data privacy regulations within the EU and enable citizens to see and correct their personal data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of predictive coding?

To couple human intelligence with computer-driven concept searching Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding data breaches?

Citizens' personal data may be accessed by unauthorized individuals Signup and view all the answers

Why do many organizations have developed IT usage policies?

To protect against employee abuses and reduce worker productivity Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of U.S. firms record and review employee communications and activities on the job?

About 80 percent Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)?

To enable citizens to access certain information and records of the federal government Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of e-discovery in legal proceedings?

To obtain evidence from the other party Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of companies not respecting customer data privacy?

Companies may lose business and face legal action Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of data breach notifications laws?

To require companies to notify affected customers on a timely basis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding consumer profiling?

Companies may use personal data without citizens' consent Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Privacy Act?

To restrict U.S. government agencies from concealing personal data record-keeping systems Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Supply chain sustainability focuses on developing and maintaining a supply chain that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Organizations must decide if CSR is a priority and what their specific CSR goals are.
Five good reasons for pursuing CSR goals: gain goodwill, create a consistent organization, foster good business practices, protect from legal action, and avoid unfavorable publicity.

Improving Business Ethics

Appoint a corporate ethics officer to improve business ethics.
Require the board of directors to set and model high ethical standards.
Establish a corporate code of ethics and conduct social audits.
Require employees to take ethics training and include ethical criteria in employee appraisals.
Create an ethical work environment.

Ethical Considerations in Decision Making

Identify and involve stakeholders in decision making.
Weigh various laws, guidelines, and principles, including the organization's code of ethics.
Consider the impact of the decision on the organization, stakeholders, customers, suppliers, and the environment.

Trends in Unethical Information Technology Use

COPPA: regulates websites that cater to children, requiring comprehensive privacy policies and parental consent.
Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act: regulates the interception of wire and oral communications.
FISA: describes procedures for electronic surveillance and collection of foreign intelligence information.
Executive Order 12333: identifies government intelligence-gathering agencies and defines what information can be collected, retained, and disseminated.
ECPA: deals with the protection of communications while in transit and prohibits devices from recording dialing information without a search warrant.
CALEA: requires the telecommunications industry to build tools for federal investigators to eavesdrop on conversations and intercept electronic communications.
USA PATRIOT Act: modified 15 existing statutes, giving sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments Act of 2004: authorized intelligence gathering on individuals not affiliated with known terrorist organizations.

E-Discovery and Predictive Coding

E-discovery: the collection, preparation, review, and production of electronically stored information for use in criminal and civil actions.
Predictive coding: a process that couples human intelligence with computer-driven concept searching to recognize relevant documents within a document universe.

Workplace Monitoring and Surveillance Technologies

Many organizations have developed IT usage policies to protect against employee abuses and reduce worker productivity.
About 80% of U.S. firms record and review employee communications and activities.
The use of fitness trackers in the workplace raises new legal and ethical issues.
Surveillance cameras are used in major cities to deter crime and terrorist activities, raising concerns about civil liberties.
EDRs (event data recorders) record vehicle and occupant data for a few seconds before, during, and after a severe vehicle crash.
Stalking apps can be downloaded onto a person's cell phone, allowing for location tracking, call recording, and URL tracking.

Freedom of Expression

The basis for the protection of freedom of expression in the United States is the First Amendment.
Many businesses monitor the web for public expressions of opinions that might hurt their reputations.
Organizations may file a John Doe lawsuit to learn the identity of anonymous Internet users who cause harm.
Hate speech is not protected under the First Amendment, but legal recourse is possible only when it turns into clear threats and intimidation.
ISPs and social networking sites have voluntarily agreed to prohibit hate messages.

Health Information and Technology

Electronic medical record (EMR): a collection of health-related information on an individual created, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians.
Electronic health record (EHR): a comprehensive view of a patient's complete medical history designed to be shared with authorized providers.
Health information exchange (HIE): the process of sharing patient-level electronic health information between different organizations.
Personal health record (PHR): includes those portions of the EHR that an individual patient "owns" and controls.
Clinical decision support (CDS): a process and set of tools designed to enhance health-related decision making through the use of clinical knowledge and patient-specific information.
Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system: enables physicians to place orders electronically with the orders transmitted directly to the recipient.
Telehealth: employs modern telecommunications and information technologies to provide medical care to people who live or work far away from healthcare providers.

Privacy Protection

People want and need privacy protection from private industry, not just government intrusion.
Existing laws and practices fail to provide adequate protection, leading to distrust and concerns over identity theft.

Laws Providing Privacy Protection

Fair Credit Reporting Act: regulates operations of credit reporting bureaus.
Right to Financial Privacy Act: protects financial records of financial institution customers from unauthorized scrutiny by the federal government.
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA): establishes mandatory guidelines for the collection and disclosure of personal financial information by financial institutions.
Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act: allows consumers to request and obtain a free credit report each year from each of the three consumer credit reporting agencies.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): defines standards to improve the portability and continuity of health insurance coverage.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: includes strong privacy provisions for Electronic Health Records (EHRs), banning the sale of health information and promoting the use of audit trails and encryption.
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA): provides students and their parents with specific rights regarding the release of student records.
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA): requires websites that cater to children to offer comprehensive privacy policies, notify parents or guardians about their data collection practices, and receive parental consent before collecting any personal information from children under the age of 13.
Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act (Wiretap Act): regulates the interception of wire (telephone) and oral communications.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA): describes procedures for the electronic surveillance and collection of foreign intelligence information between foreign powers and agents of foreign powers.
Executive Order 12333: identifies the various government intelligence-gathering agencies and defines what information can be collected, retained, and disseminated by the agencies.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA): deals with the protection of communications while in transit from sender to receiver.
Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA): requires the telecommunications industry to build tools into its products that federal investigators can use to eavesdrop on conversations and intercept electronic communications.
USA PATRIOT Act: modifies 15 existing statutes, giving sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments Act of 2004: authorizes intelligence gathering on individuals not affiliated with any known terrorist organization.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008: grants the NSA expanded authority to collect, without court-approved warrants, international communications as they flow through the U.S. telecommunications equipment and facilities.
PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act: grants a four-year extension of provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.
USA Freedom Act: terminates the bulk collection of telephone metadata by the NSA and instead requires telecommunications carriers to hold the data and respond to NSA queries.

Fair Information Practices

"Fair information practices" is a term for a set of guidelines that govern the collection and use of personal data.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) created a set of fair information practices that are often held up as the model for organizations to adopt for the ethical treatment of consumer data.
The European Union Data Protection Directive: requires member countries to ensure that data transferred to non-EU countries is protected, and bars the export of data to countries that do not have data privacy protection standards comparable to those of the EU.
European–United States Privacy Shield Data Transfer Program Guidelines: a stopgap measure that allows businesses to transfer personal data about European citizens to the United States.
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): takes effect in May 2018, addressing the export of personal data outside the EU, enabling citizens to see and correct their personal data, standardizing data privacy regulations within the EU, and establishing substantial penalties for violation of its guidelines.

Consumer Profiling and Ethical Issues

Companies use various methods to collect personal data about visitors to their websites, including depositing cookies on visitors' hard drives.
Consumer data privacy has become a major marketing issue, with companies that cannot protect or do not respect customer information losing business and becoming defendants in class actions stemming from privacy violations.

E-Discovery and Workplace Monitoring

E-discovery is the collection, preparation, review, and production of electronically stored information for use in criminal and civil actions and proceedings.
Predictive coding is a process that couples human intelligence with computer-driven concept searching to "train" document review software to recognize relevant documents within a document universe.
Many organizations have developed IT usage policies to protect against employee abuses that can reduce worker productivity and expose employers to harassment lawsuits.
About 80 percent of U.S. firms record and review employee communications and activities on the job, including phone calls, email, web surfing, and computer files.

Advanced Surveillance Technologies and Ethical Issues

Surveillance cameras are used in major cities around the world to deter crime and terrorist activities, raising concerns about civil liberties.
Event Data Recorders (EDRs) are devices that record vehicle and occupant data for a few seconds before, during, and after any vehicle crash that is severe enough to deploy the vehicle's air bags.
Stalking apps can be downloaded onto a person's cell phone, making it possible to perform location tracking, record calls and conversations, view every text and photograph sent or received, and record the URLs of any website visited on that phone.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers the importance of supply chain sustainability in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), including its benefits and goals. Learn how organizations can promote ethical practices and contribute to a better future.