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Questions and Answers
What is marginal cost in terms of production?
What is marginal cost in terms of production?
- The average cost of all units produced
- The total cost of all units produced
- The additional cost from producing one more unit (correct)
- The fixed cost associated with production
When is profit maximized in production?
When is profit maximized in production?
- When the total cost is minimized
- When average revenue equals average cost
- When marginal revenue equals marginal cost (correct)
- When marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost
What happens when producing an additional unit increases revenue more than its costs?
What happens when producing an additional unit increases revenue more than its costs?
- Total profit will increase (correct)
- Marginal revenue will be negative
- Total profit will decrease
- Total cost will remain unchanged
Which condition indicates a firm should not produce more units?
Which condition indicates a firm should not produce more units?
What does MR = MC signify in economic terms?
What does MR = MC signify in economic terms?
If marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost, what is likely to happen?
If marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost, what is likely to happen?
Which scenario illustrates a decline in profit?
Which scenario illustrates a decline in profit?
What does producing more than the profit-maximizing output level lead to?
What does producing more than the profit-maximizing output level lead to?
What determines the optimal output level for a firm in a competitive market?
What determines the optimal output level for a firm in a competitive market?
Under which condition will a firm choose to enter the market?
Under which condition will a firm choose to enter the market?
How is economic profit calculated?
How is economic profit calculated?
When does a firm decide to stay in the market?
When does a firm decide to stay in the market?
What does the optimal output rule imply about firms' production decisions?
What does the optimal output rule imply about firms' production decisions?
What occurs when the supply increases from 52?
What occurs when the supply increases from 52?
What happens to individual firms when the equilibrium price equals the break-even price?
What happens to individual firms when the equilibrium price equals the break-even price?
Which of the following statements about firms' entry is correct?
Which of the following statements about firms' entry is correct?
What is indicated by a break-even price for an individual firm?
What is indicated by a break-even price for an individual firm?
If the market price is above the break-even price, what is the likely outcome for firms?
If the market price is above the break-even price, what is the likely outcome for firms?
What happens to the equilibrium price and quantity of garden gnomes if they regain popularity?
What happens to the equilibrium price and quantity of garden gnomes if they regain popularity?
If the cost of wood decreases, what is likely to happen to the equilibrium price and quantity in the violin market?
If the cost of wood decreases, what is likely to happen to the equilibrium price and quantity in the violin market?
How will an increase in the price of houses and new apartment buildings opening affect the market for apartments in Mayville?
How will an increase in the price of houses and new apartment buildings opening affect the market for apartments in Mayville?
Which statement correctly describes the role of the Supply Curve in economics?
Which statement correctly describes the role of the Supply Curve in economics?
What can cause a shift in the supply curve of a product?
What can cause a shift in the supply curve of a product?
Which of the following factors is least likely to affect the quantity supplied in a market?
Which of the following factors is least likely to affect the quantity supplied in a market?
What happens to the equilibrium price if the supply of a product decreases while demand remains constant?
What happens to the equilibrium price if the supply of a product decreases while demand remains constant?
If three new apartment buildings open while house prices increase, what is a likely outcome?
If three new apartment buildings open while house prices increase, what is a likely outcome?
What is indicated by a surplus at a given price point?
What is indicated by a surplus at a given price point?
Which price ceiling scenario would result in a shortage?
Which price ceiling scenario would result in a shortage?
What typically occurs due to a price ceiling on a good?
What typically occurs due to a price ceiling on a good?
At what point will a surplus occur in relation to supply and demand?
At what point will a surplus occur in relation to supply and demand?
In relation to price ceilings, which pair represents a surplus?
In relation to price ceilings, which pair represents a surplus?
What describes the relationship between price ceilings and market equilibrium?
What describes the relationship between price ceilings and market equilibrium?
If price point d causes a surplus, what does it suggest about consumer behavior?
If price point d causes a surplus, what does it suggest about consumer behavior?
What can be a consequence of setting a price ceiling that is too low?
What can be a consequence of setting a price ceiling that is too low?
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Study Notes
Supply and Demand
- Supply curve illustrates sellers' behavior.
- Quantity supplied (Qs) is the amount producers are willing and able to sell at a given price.
- Supply shifts due to changes in input prices, prices of related goods/services, and technology.
Market Equilibrium: Price Ceilings and Shortages/Surpluses
- A price ceiling set below the equilibrium price leads to a shortage.
- A price ceiling at point 'd' results in a shortage equal to the difference between points 'i' and 'h'.
- A surplus occurs when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
Market Changes & Equilibrium Adjustments
- Increased hamburger production by McDonald's in response to consumer trends increases the equilibrium quantity and may affect the equilibrium price.
- Increased garden gnome popularity raises both equilibrium price and quantity.
- Decreased wood costs lower violin equilibrium price and raise equilibrium quantity.
- Increased house prices and new apartment buildings in Mayville lower the equilibrium price of apartments, but raise the equilibrium quantity.
Profit Maximization
- Firms maximize profit where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC).
- Producing where MR > MC increases profit; producing where MR < MC decreases profit.
- The optimal output rule states firms produce every unit yielding a profit, however small.
Firm Entry and Exit
- Firms enter the market when profit > 0 and stay when profit ≥ 0.
- Economic profit is calculated as (P - ATC) x Q*, where Q* is the output when MC = P.
- Break-even price is where profit = 0.
Marginal Social Benefit (MSB) and Marginal Private Benefit (MPB)
- If MSB > MSC, the market tends to underproduce.
- If MPB > MSC, the market tends to overproduce.
- If MSB = MSC, the market is efficient.
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