Superconductors and Metallic Conductance Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is responsible for electrical conductance in metals?

Movement of protons

Movement of neutrons

Movement of electrons (correct)

Movement of positrons

Which factors affect electronic conductance in metals?

Color of the metal, atomic weight, density

Atomic number, atomic mass, reactivity

Nature and structure of the metal, number of valence electrons per atom, temperature (correct)

Magnetic properties, boiling point, malleability

What did MacDiarmid, Heeger, and Shirakawa discover in 1977?

Conductivity of silicon

Electrical resistance in polymers

Polymerization of acetylene gas to produce polyacetylene (correct)

Superconductivity in metals

What properties do organic conducting polymers possess?

Metallic properties like conductivity and light weight Signup and view all the answers

Why are organic conducting polymers much lighter than normal metals?

They are composed wholly of elements like carbon, hydrogen, and occasionally nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur Signup and view all the answers

For their discovery of conducting polymers, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the year 2000?

MacDiarmid, Heeger, and Shirakawa Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials have conductivity between conductors and insulators?

Semiconductors Signup and view all the answers

Which material is an example of a semiconductor?

Silicon Signup and view all the answers

What is the conductivity of copper oxide (CuO) as per the table?

$3.5 \times 10^{-5} S m^{-1}$ Signup and view all the answers

Which type of material has very low conductivity and is known as insulators?

Glass Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials are classified as conductors due to their high conductivity?

Copper Signup and view all the answers

Which material has infinite conductivity by definition?

Superconductors Signup and view all the answers

Why does the composition of a metallic conductor remain unchanged as electrons move through it?

The electrons enter at one end and exit through the other end. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in the mechanism of conductance between metallic conductors and semiconductors?

Metals conduct electricity through free electrons, while semiconductors have a more complex conductance mechanism. Signup and view all the answers

Why does very pure water have low conductivity despite having small amounts of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions?

The ions in very pure water are not mobile enough to conduct electricity effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the conductance of electricity by ions present in solutions?

Electrolytic conductance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the conductivity of electrolytic (ionic) solutions?

Pressure applied to the solution Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to the composition of an ionic solution when a direct current is passed through it over a prolonged period?

The composition can change due to electrochemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electrical Conductance in Metals

Free electrons are responsible for electrical conductance in metals
Factors affecting electronic conductance in metals include temperature, purity, and structure

Conducting Polymers

MacDiarmid, Heeger, and Shirakawa discovered conducting polymers in 1977
Organic conducting polymers possess high conductance, flexibility, and light weight
They are much lighter than normal metals due to their polymeric nature
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2000 was awarded to MacDiarmid, Heeger, and Shirakawa for their discovery

Semiconductor Materials

Materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators are classified as semiconductors
Examples of semiconductors include silicon and copper oxide (CuO)
Copper oxide (CuO) has a conductivity of [insert value from table]

Insulators and Conductors

Materials with very low conductivity are known as insulators
Materials with high conductivity are classified as conductors
Superconductors, by definition, have infinite conductivity
The composition of a metallic conductor remains unchanged as electrons move through it due to the free electron model

Mechanism of Conductance

The main difference in the mechanism of conductance between metallic conductors and semiconductors lies in the movement of charge carriers

Ion Conductance and Electrolytic Solutions

Very pure water has low conductivity despite having small amounts of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions due to the lack of dissolved salts
The term used to describe the conductance of electricity by ions present in solutions is electrolytic conductance
Temperature, concentration, and solvent properties affect the conductivity of electrolytic solutions
Pressure does NOT affect the conductivity of electrolytic solutions
The composition of an ionic solution can change when a direct current is passed through it over a prolonged period due to electrolysis

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Description

Test your knowledge on superconductors, metallic conductance, and factors affecting electronic conductance through metals. Learn about the behavior of different materials at high and low temperatures.