CPU

<p>ROM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Octa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microcomputer Architecture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4.2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>200 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RAM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Machine Language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LCD Screen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assembler (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RAM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RAM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central Processing Unit (CPU) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate timing and speed of computer functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CPU Cache (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It checks if the data is in the cache before accessing main memory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In clock speed, such as MHz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speed versus accuracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L1 Cache (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CPU accesses main memory directly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One clock cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One billion floating-point operations per second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They consist of a CPU, memory, and I/O devices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can respond to a specific set of instructions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They simplify the storage of large numerical data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The processing speed of ancient computers remains unparalleled. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disk drive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mouse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RAM and ROM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assembler (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Display results of processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are more user-friendly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple switch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assembly language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a region for Kernel-mode memory allocation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has four paged pools (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used for allocating system memory that must always be resident (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To map working sets and assist in task creation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microprocessor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clearing a page in the free list for reuse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As an internal component of the processor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They assist in the initialization of paged pools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By holding recent data to reduce access time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One clock cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Better hit rates but longer latency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L1 cache (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quartz crystal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast data retrieval without prefetching necessary data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data was never cached in the first place (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It had a 4-bit word size. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pentium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.2 million transistors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virtual memory capability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It doubles approximately every 18 months. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.4 - 3.4 GHz (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support for up to 64 GB of addressable memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It supports a 32-bit datapath. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control all activities of the system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry data, address, or control signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They typically operate at a speed slower than the microprocessor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RAM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An interrupt signal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input device (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Demultiplexing of signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate communication between devices and the microprocessor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A device that allows a computer to permanently store large amounts of data.

A device that allows data and instructions to enter a computer.

A device that displays computer results. It receives results from the CPU.

The "brain" of the computer that executes instructions.

Computer programs and stored data.

The only language directly understood by the CPU.

RAM and ROM. The CPU directly accesses these.

Storage for long-term data.Transferred to primary memory for use.

Floating-point Operations Per Second. A measure of computer processing speed, specifically the number of floating-point arithmetic calculations a computer can perform in one second.

Computing methods using supercomputers capable of at least 1 TFLOPS (10^12 floating-point operations per second) or storage systems of at least 1 TB.

Computing using supercomputers with at least 1 PFLOPS (10^15 floating-point operations per second) or corresponding storage (1 PB).

Computing using supercomputers capable of at least 1 EFLOPS (10^18 floating-point operations per second) or equivalent storage (1 EB).

A computer with significantly higher processing speed and memory capacity than a typical desktop or laptop computer designed to handle extremely complex calculations or large datasets.

TeraFLOPS; 10^12 Floating-point Operations Per Second.

A supercomputer known for having a very high FLOPS capability.

A very large amount of computer memory (10,000,000 gigabytes).

A microchip controlling the timing and speed of computer functions.

The speed of a computer processor measured in cycles per second (e.g., MHz).

Small memory inside the CPU that stores recently used data for faster access.

When the CPU finds the needed data in the cache.

The time it takes to access data in the cache.

The percentage of times the CPU finds data in the cache.

Multiple caches within a computer, from fastest to largest.

The primary memory where data is stored while a program is running.

The main component of a microcomputer system, also known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU). It directs and controls all operations of the computer.

A minimum of memory (RAM & ROM) and input/output (I/O) devices like graphics cards, keyboards, etc.

A measure of how quickly a computer can perform floating-point calculations, which are used to represent very large numbers.

A unit of computer processing speed equal to one billion floating-point operations per second.

They measure how fast a computer can perform complex calculations, especially with very large numbers. This is crucial for scientific computing, simulations, and other demanding tasks.

A mass storage device is used to store large amounts of data permanently in a computer. Examples include disk drives and tape drives.

Input devices, such as a keyboard or mouse, allow users to input data and instructions into the computer.

Output devices, such as a display screen or printer, show the results of the computer's operations.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer; it executes instructions and performs calculations.

High-level programming languages are more user-friendly and use English-like words, making them easier to understand and write.

Primary memory (RAM & ROM) is used to store data and programs temporarily while the CPU is actively using them. Secondary memory (disk drives, etc.) stores data and programs permanently for later retrieval.

Embedded systems often use simple switches and sensors as input devices, making them respond to physical events.

Embedded systems often use LED displays, LCD displays, and motors as output devices, displaying information and performing actions.

A special region used to manage the working set of a process, including operations like zeroing pages, invalidating page table entries, and setting up new process address spaces.

A region of virtual memory in system space that can be paged in and out. Kernel-mode components use it for system memory allocation.

A memory pool that always stays in physical memory. It's used for kernel-mode components that need constant access.

Multiprocessor systems have four paged pools.

Having multiple paged pools reduces the risk of system components blocking each other when accessing the pool.

Paged pool can be swapped in and out of memory, while non-paged pool always stays in physical memory.

A computer system built around a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).

It performs calculations, controls operations, and manages communication between computer components.

The microprocessor (CPU) performs basic operations like addition, subtraction, logical comparisons, and data transfers. These internal tasks are the core of how a computer works.

The microprocessor interacts with external components like memory (RAM, EPROM), input/output devices (keyboard, printer), and peripherals, reading and writing data.

Devices connected to the microprocessor but not directly part of it. They include things like memory, input devices, output devices, and interfaces.

Devices that allow users to input data into the computer. Common examples include a keyboard and floppy disk.

Devices that display information or results from the computer to the user. Examples include printers and LED/LCD screens.

Groups of lines that carry data, address, or control signals between different components of a computer system.

The microprocessor acts as the master controller, sending signals to peripherals to read or write data. Peripherals can interrupt the microprocessor when they need attention.

A set of instructions that tells the microprocessor what tasks to perform. Programs are stored in memory and executed by the CPU.

Larger caches have better hit rates, meaning the CPU is more likely to find the data it needs, but they also have longer latency, meaning it takes longer to access the data within the cache. Smaller caches are faster to access but have lower hit rates.

The 4004, created in 1971, was the first microprocessor. It was designed specifically for the Busicom calculator.

Microprocessors have features like transistor count, clock speed, and word size. These characteristics define their performance and capabilities.

The 80286, introduced in 1982 for the IBM PC AT, was notable for its virtual memory capability. This allowed it to use more memory than physically available.

The 80386, released in 1985, ushered in the era of 32-bit processing. It redefined the computing landscape with a modern x86 instruction set.

The Pentium, launched in 1993, was a leap forward. It used superscalar architecture, allowing it to execute two instructions simultaneously.

The Pentium 4, introduced in 2001, employed a deep pipeline design, resulting in very fast clock speeds. It also featured a larger L2 cache for better performance.

Intel iCore processors represent a generation of multi-core CPUs. They feature multiple physical cores, enabling parallel processing.

Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years. This leads to exponential growth in processing power.