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Questions and Answers
What is cuneiform?
What is cuneiform?
- A type of musical instrument used in ancient ceremonies.
- A religious text from the Sumerian civilization.
- An ancient method of constructing ziggurats.
- A system of writing using triangular marks and symbols. (correct)
Which numerical system did the Sumerians use as a base?
Which numerical system did the Sumerians use as a base?
- Hexadecimal system based on 16.
- Binary system based on 2.
- Decimal system based on 10.
- Sexagesimal system based on 60. (correct)
What purpose did ziggurats serve in Sumerian civilization?
What purpose did ziggurats serve in Sumerian civilization?
- They served as religious sites dedicated to gods. (correct)
- They were centers of trade and commerce.
- They functioned as residential buildings for the elite.
- They acted as fortifications against invasions.
What was the significance of the City of Uruk?
What was the significance of the City of Uruk?
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What is the Code of Ur-Nammu recognized as?
What is the Code of Ur-Nammu recognized as?
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What was included in the materia medica of the Sumerians?
What was included in the materia medica of the Sumerians?
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Study Notes
Sumerian Civilization Contributions
- Cuneiform Writing: A form of writing using triangular symbols that evolved from pictographs, enabling record-keeping and communication.
- Sexagesimal System: A numerical system based on the number 60, facilitating advanced calculations and the foundation of time measurement (60 seconds, 60 minutes).
- Ziggurats: Massive temple structures built as a dedicated space for worship of chief deities, symbolizing the connection between heaven and earth.
- Potter's Wheel: An innovative tool revolutionizing pottery production, allowing for the creation of uniform and complex ceramic shapes.
- Wheeled Vehicles: The invention of solid wooden wheeled vehicles, characterized by axles; considered a pivotal advancement in transportation technology.
- Materia Medica: A compilation of knowledge concerning medicinal practices, utilizing a variety of natural resources including plants, animals, and minerals.
- Seed Plow: An agricultural innovation that improved efficiency in planting crops, significantly boosting food production.
- Sailing Technology: Development of sailboats, enhancing trade and transportation across rivers and seas.
- Canal and Water Management: An elaborate network of canals, dikes, and reservoirs exemplified advanced engineering skills and provided essential irrigation for agriculture.
- City of Uruk: Recognized as the first true city in history, showcasing urban planning and complex society structures.
- Circle Division: The division of a circle into 360 degrees, laying groundwork for geometry and astronomical calculations.
- Mathematical Advances: Innovations in mathematical functions, enabling accurate plotting and forecasting in various domains.
- Zodiacal Map: A celestial map used for practical applications in navigation and agriculture, illustrating early astrological practices.
- Code of Ur-Nammu: The oldest known legal code, providing insight into Sumerian law, ethics, and societal regulation.
- Copper Fabrication: The process of manipulating copper, marking a significant advancement in metallurgy influencing tools and weaponry.
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