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What is suicide terrorism primarily characterized by?
According to Robert Pape, what is the main motivating factor behind suicide terrorism?
What did Robert Pape analyze in his publication 'Dying to Win'?
What percentage of suicide bombings, according to Pape's research, have the objective of national liberation?
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What does Pape suggest is a consequence of military intervention by foreign powers?
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What misconception does Pape aim to challenge regarding suicide terrorism?
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What is one main tactic used in suicide terrorism according to the overview?
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What aspect does the term 'secular tactic' imply about suicide terrorism?
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What does Robert Pape suggest is the primary cause of suicide terrorism?
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What aspect did Che Guevara emphasize regarding the nature of revolutions?
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In what year was Che Guevara executed?
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What type of areas did Guevara believe were the starting point for successful revolutions?
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How did Che Guevara initially become politically aware?
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What did Guevara believe about the concept of liberators?
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Which event influenced Guevara's political views during his travels?
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What was Robert Pape's stance on the relationship between suicide terrorism and religions?
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What does Pape argue is the primary cause of suicide terrorism?
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Which event marked one of the earliest recorded instances of suicide bombing?
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What was a significant outcome of the 9/11 attacks?
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What does the term 'homegrown terrorism' refer to in the context of the London Bombings?
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Which organization was responsible for the Beirut Barracks Bombings?
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What was a critical moment for Iraq in 2011?
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What impact did the Tamil Tigers have on global terrorism?
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What was a common consequence of foreign military interventions as discussed by Pape?
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What is guerrilla warfare primarily characterized by?
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What does the Spanish word 'foco' refer to in the context of Guevara's revolutionary strategy?
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Which aspect of revolutionary strategy does Guevara suggest is crucial for success?
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What is the primary role of guerrilla forces according to Che Guevara?
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Which revolutionary movement is associated with Che Guevara's experiences detailed in 'Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War'?
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What is one of the key features of Guevara’s foco theory?
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What does Guevara suggest about the support of disenfranchised peasants?
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Which method of warfare does not align with guerrilla tactics as described by Che Guevara?
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What is the primary belief of revolutionary socialists regarding capitalism?
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In what way did Che Guevara's practical interpretation of revolution differ from Karl Marx's views?
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What influenced Che Guevara's evolving political consciousness?
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What does guerrilla warfare primarily rely on?
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What was the significance of Guevara's activities in Congo-Kinasha and Bolivia?
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Why did Guevara believe that an anticapitalist revolution was necessary?
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What type of narrative is 'The Motorcycle Diaries' based on?
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What is the central theme of revolutionary socialism?
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Study Notes
Suicide Terrorism
- Suicide terrorism is a form of violent action where individuals commit acts that result in their own death as part of the mission.
- Suicide terrorists are often motivated by ideology, politics, or religion.
- Their goal is to instill fear, disrupt society, or provoke a response from targeted groups or governments.
- Robert Pape's research suggests suicide terrorism is a secular tactic used to resist foreign occupation rather than a religious one.
- Pape argues that suicide terrorism is a strategic response to foreign occupation by democratic powers.
- Pape analyzed all known suicide attacks between 1980 and 2003, concluding that over 95% of them aimed for national liberation.
- The use of military force to subdue or reform societies by foreign powers increases the number of suicide terrorists.
- This is because suicide terrorism is a demand-driven phenomenon, driven by the situation itself rather than pre-existing fanatics.
History of Suicide Terrorism
- The assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881 by a suicide bomber is considered one of the earliest documented instances of this tactic.
- The 1983 Beirut Barracks Bombings, targeting US and French military barracks, signified a shift towards suicide tactics in modern warfare.
- The 9/11 attacks in 2001 by al-Qaeda redefined the scale and impact of suicide terrorism.
- The 2005 London Bombings highlighted the threat of homegrown terrorism and its challenges.
- The Tamil Tigers' use of suicide bombing in the Sri Lankan Civil War (ending in 2009) influenced global terrorist organizations.
- The US withdrawal from Iraq in 2011 marked a significant turning point, with the region still dealing with the aftermath of terrorism.
Che Guevara
- Ernesto "Che" Guevara, a revolutionary and medical doctor, was born in Argentina.
- He traveled across Latin America, witnessing poverty, disease, and oppressive regimes, which influenced his political views.
- He participated in the Cuban Revolution alongside Fidel Castro.
- Guevara believed in grassroots movements to overthrow oppressive regimes, with the people liberating themselves.
- He saw the potential for revolution in rural areas where small groups of armed rebels could effectively combat government forces.
- Guevara's guerrilla tactics contributed to the development of revolutionary socialism.
- He saw the need for anti-capitalist revolution to dismantle oppressive systems and address social injustices.
- Guevara emphasizes the role of the "people" in liberating themselves, pushing for a revolution from the grassroots rather than relying on a liberator.
Revolutionary Socialism
- Revolutionary socialism advocates for the overthrow of capitalism through revolution, not gradual change.
- It argues that the working class (proletariat) must take direct action to replace capitalism with socialism.
- Revolutionary socialists believe that capitalism cannot be reformed and must be abolished through a radical transformation.
"The Motorcycle Diaries"
- This book chronicles Che Guevara's travels across South America with his friend Alberto Granado in the early 1950s.
- The book showcases Guevara's evolving awareness of social injustices and economic disparities he witnessed.
- His experiences profoundly influenced his political consciousness and revolutionary ideals.
"Guerrilla Warfare"
- It explores irregular warfare strategies used by small, mobile groups of combatants who aim to overthrow a larger, organized army or occupying force.
- Guevara outlines guerrilla tactics used during the Cuban Revolution.
- Guerrilla warfare relies on surprise attacks, sabotage, ambushes, and hit-and-run tactics to weaken the enemy over time.
"Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War"
- This memoir details Che Guevara's involvement in the Cuban Revolution against Fulgencio Batista.
- It sheds light on the formation of the 26th of July Movement, guerrilla warfare strategies used in the Sierra Maestra mountains, and key battles fought.
Che Guevara and the Guerilla Foco
- The foco theory emphasizes the role of small, mobile guerrilla groups (focos) in igniting revolutionary movements in rural areas.
- These groups would eventually spread and lead to the overthrow of the ruling regime.
- The theory emphasizes direct action, moral commitment, and the role of guerrillas in sparking broader revolutionary movements.
- The theory has inspired leftist movements globally.
Guerrilla Vanguard
- According to Guevara, the guerrilla force should lead by example, demonstrating the possibility of revolution and encouraging others to join.
- Their actions would create a model for others to follow.
Rural Focus
- Guevara believed that revolutionary movements should operate in rural areas where the support of disenfranchised peasants could be mobilized.
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Description
Explore the complex topic of suicide terrorism, focusing on the motivations, ideological underpinnings, and historical context presented by Robert Pape. This quiz delves into the strategic responses to foreign occupation and the implications of military actions on the rise of suicide terrorists. Test your understanding of this critical issue!
