Podcast
Questions and Answers
When did the Han Dynasty end?
When did the Han Dynasty end?
220 CE
What were the years of the Period of Disunity?
What were the years of the Period of Disunity?
220-581 CE
Under whom was the Sui Dynasty established and when?
Under whom was the Sui Dynasty established and when?
Wendi in 581 CE
When did Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation occur?
When did Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation occur?
Approximately how long did the Period of Disunity last?
Approximately how long did the Period of Disunity last?
Name some characteristics of the Period of Disunity.
Name some characteristics of the Period of Disunity.
Who was the founder of the Sui Dynasty and what did he do?
Who was the founder of the Sui Dynasty and what did he do?
Who was the successor to Emperor Wendi?
Who was the successor to Emperor Wendi?
What were some major accomplishments of Emperor Yangdi?
What were some major accomplishments of Emperor Yangdi?
What kind of military campaigns did Yangdi conduct?
What kind of military campaigns did Yangdi conduct?
Describe the purpose, length and orientation of the Grand Canal.
Describe the purpose, length and orientation of the Grand Canal.
What was the purpose of the Civil Service Examination System?
What was the purpose of the Civil Service Examination System?
What were some key features of the Civil Service Examination System?
What were some key features of the Civil Service Examination System?
Describe the typical education process for Civil Service Examination candidates.
Describe the typical education process for Civil Service Examination candidates.
What was the typical success rate for the Civil Service Examination?
What was the typical success rate for the Civil Service Examination?
What did the non-passing candidates typically do?
What did the non-passing candidates typically do?
Who were the warlords?
Who were the warlords?
Who were the scholar-officials?
Who were the scholar-officials?
What was Neo-Confucianism?
What was Neo-Confucianism?
What was Changan?
What was Changan?
What is Champa rice?
What is Champa rice?
What is porcelain?
What is porcelain?
What is Waterwheel irrigation?
What is Waterwheel irrigation?
What is the Chang Jiang valley?
What is the Chang Jiang valley?
When did the Tang Dynasty begin and what was it known for?
When did the Tang Dynasty begin and what was it known for?
Describe the extent of the transportation network of the Tang Dynasty.
Describe the extent of the transportation network of the Tang Dynasty.
What was the impact of agricultural improvements during the Tang and Song Dynasties?
What was the impact of agricultural improvements during the Tang and Song Dynasties?
What was the significance of porcelain?
What was the significance of porcelain?
What were the causes and effects of the population growth?
What were the causes and effects of the population growth?
When did the Tang Dynasty begin?
When did the Tang Dynasty begin?
When did Porcelain-making reach Europe?
When did Porcelain-making reach Europe?
Who were the Mongols?
Who were the Mongols?
What are Yurts?
What are Yurts?
What are Steppes?
What are Steppes?
Describe the riding skills of Mongolian children.
Describe the riding skills of Mongolian children.
Describe the archery skills of the Mongols.
Describe the archery skills of the Mongols.
Who was Genghis Khan?
Who was Genghis Khan?
What was the nature of the Mongol Empire's size?
What was the nature of the Mongol Empire's size?
Describe the trade routes under the Mongol Empire.
Describe the trade routes under the Mongol Empire.
Describe the Mongols' attitude to cultural differences.
Describe the Mongols' attitude to cultural differences.
How did the Mongols grow wealthy?
How did the Mongols grow wealthy?
What is Gunpowder?
What is Gunpowder?
What is Fire Lance?
What is Fire Lance?
What was the extent of the Mongol Expansion?
What was the extent of the Mongol Expansion?
Describe the Mongol Empire's Geography?
Describe the Mongol Empire's Geography?
Describe Nomadic Living Skills.
Describe Nomadic Living Skills.
Describe the attitude of Mongols to Conquered Cultures.
Describe the attitude of Mongols to Conquered Cultures.
What marked the Southern boundary of the Mongol Empire.
What marked the Southern boundary of the Mongol Empire.
Describe the Mongol Damage.
Describe the Mongol Damage.
Describe the Stability under Mongol rule.
Describe the Stability under Mongol rule.
Which religion was adopted by Mongols in Southwest Asia.
Which religion was adopted by Mongols in Southwest Asia.
Describe Persian Influence.
Describe Persian Influence.
Describe the Mongol Conquests.
Describe the Mongol Conquests.
What was the cavalry of the Mongols known for?
What was the cavalry of the Mongols known for?
Describe the typical Mongol Military Tactics.
Describe the typical Mongol Military Tactics.
Describe the Mongol Empire Timeline.
Describe the Mongol Empire Timeline.
Who was Kublai Khan?
Who was Kublai Khan?
What was the Yuan Dynasty?
What was the Yuan Dynasty?
Which Chinese dynasty was overthrown by Kublai Khan in 1279?
Which Chinese dynasty was overthrown by Kublai Khan in 1279?
Describe the Mongol Culture under Kublai Khan.
Describe the Mongol Culture under Kublai Khan.
Were civil service examinations used during the Yuan dynasty?
Were civil service examinations used during the Yuan dynasty?
Who was Marco Polo?
Who was Marco Polo?
What was the nature of trade under Mongolian rule?
What was the nature of trade under Mongolian rule?
What year did the Han Dynasty end?
What year did the Han Dynasty end?
Under who was the Sui Dynasty established and in what year?
Under who was the Sui Dynasty established and in what year?
When was Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation?
When was Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation?
What were some characteristics of the Period of Disunity?
What were some characteristics of the Period of Disunity?
Who was the founder of the Sui Dynasty and what did he accomplish?
Who was the founder of the Sui Dynasty and what did he accomplish?
Who was Emperor Yangdi?
Who was Emperor Yangdi?
What were some major accomplishments of Yangdi?
What were some major accomplishments of Yangdi?
What were Yangdi's military campaigns?
What were Yangdi's military campaigns?
Describe the Grand Canal.
Describe the Grand Canal.
What were some key features of the Civil Service Examination?
What were some key features of the Civil Service Examination?
Describe the education process.
Describe the education process.
What was the success rate of the Civil Service Examination?
What was the success rate of the Civil Service Examination?
What did non-passing candidates often do?
What did non-passing candidates often do?
When was the Song Dynasty?
When was the Song Dynasty?
Describe the transportation network of Tang Dynasty
Describe the transportation network of Tang Dynasty
What was the impact of agricultural improvements
What was the impact of agricultural improvements
What was caused by Population growth?
What was caused by Population growth?
What year did the Tang Dynasty begin?
What year did the Tang Dynasty begin?
When did Mongols develop Horseback Riding skill?
When did Mongols develop Horseback Riding skill?
What skill does archery give Mongols?
What skill does archery give Mongols?
What was the Largest Land Empire?
What was the Largest Land Empire?
What did Trade Routes enable?
What did Trade Routes enable?
Describe Mongol Cultural Tolerance
Describe Mongol Cultural Tolerance
How did Mongol Taxation work?
How did Mongol Taxation work?
Where did Mongol Expansion reach?
Where did Mongol Expansion reach?
Describe Mongol Empire Geography
Describe Mongol Empire Geography
Describe Conquered Cultures
Describe Conquered Cultures
What are the Himalayas?
What are the Himalayas?
What is Siberia?
What is Siberia?
What is Stability?
What is Stability?
What is Islam?
What is Islam?
Describe Turkish Influence
Describe Turkish Influence
Who were Mongol Horsemen?
Who were Mongol Horsemen?
Describe Mongol Military Tactics
Describe Mongol Military Tactics
Describe Mongol Culture.
Describe Mongol Culture.
What were Civil Service Examinations?
What were Civil Service Examinations?
Describe Trade Improvement.
Describe Trade Improvement.
What was Quanzhou?
What was Quanzhou?
Describe Cultural Differences
Describe Cultural Differences
Describe Conquest of Japan.
Describe Conquest of Japan.
Describe Mongol Leadership.
Describe Mongol Leadership.
Describe Sediment in Harbor.
Describe Sediment in Harbor.
Describe Mongol Terror Tactics.
Describe Mongol Terror Tactics.
Describe Marco Polo's Reaction.
Describe Marco Polo's Reaction.
Describe Mongol Rule Effects.
Describe Mongol Rule Effects.
Describe Mongol Social Structure.
Describe Mongol Social Structure.
Describe Kublai Khan's Reign.
Describe Kublai Khan's Reign.
Describe Yuan Dynasty Duration.
Describe Yuan Dynasty Duration.
Describe Mongol Governance.
Describe Mongol Governance.
Describe Citing Text Evidence.
Describe Citing Text Evidence.
Describe Historical Debate.
Describe Historical Debate.
What are Trade Goods?
What are Trade Goods?
What is the Distribution Center?
What is the Distribution Center?
Describe Kublai Khan's Capital
Describe Kublai Khan's Capital
Describe Cultural Superiority.
Describe Cultural Superiority.
Who was Hong Wu?
Who was Hong Wu?
What was the Byzantine Empire?
What was the Byzantine Empire?
What was the Manifesto of Accession?
What was the Manifesto of Accession?
Who were the Jesuits?
Who were the Jesuits?
What are Confucian teachings?
What are Confucian teachings?
What is the Central government?
What is the Central government?
Who were the Christian missionaries?
Who were the Christian missionaries?
What are Heavy taxes?
What are Heavy taxes?
What was the Period of Disunity?
What was the Period of Disunity?
When was the Sui Dynasty established and who was the founder?
When was the Sui Dynasty established and who was the founder?
When did Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation happen?
When did Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation happen?
Approximately, how long was the Period of Disunity?
Approximately, how long was the Period of Disunity?
What were the main characteristics of the Period of Disunity?
What were the main characteristics of the Period of Disunity?
What were the military campaigns of Yangdi?
What were the military campaigns of Yangdi?
Describe the Education Process for the Civil Service Exam.
Describe the Education Process for the Civil Service Exam.
What did non-passing candidates of the Civil Service Examination often become?
What did non-passing candidates of the Civil Service Examination often become?
When was the Tang Dynasty and what were its key features?
When was the Tang Dynasty and what were its key features?
Explain the consequences of population growth.
Explain the consequences of population growth.
Give the timeline of the Tang Dynasty.
Give the timeline of the Tang Dynasty.
What was the significance of Horseback Riding to the Mongols?
What was the significance of Horseback Riding to the Mongols?
What was the significance of Archery to the Mongols?
What was the significance of Archery to the Mongols?
How large was the Mongol land empire?
How large was the Mongol land empire?
What was the significance of Trade Routes to the Mongols?
What was the significance of Trade Routes to the Mongols?
What was meant by cultural tolerance under the Mongols?
What was meant by cultural tolerance under the Mongols?
How did Taxation affect the Mongols?
How did Taxation affect the Mongols?
What was Gunpowder's impact on the Mongols?
What was Gunpowder's impact on the Mongols?
What was the Fire Lance?
What was the Fire Lance?
Describe the Mongol Expansion.
Describe the Mongol Expansion.
Describe the Geography of the Mongol Empire.
Describe the Geography of the Mongol Empire.
What were the Nomadic Living Skills of the Mongols?
What were the Nomadic Living Skills of the Mongols?
What were Clans to the Mongols?
What were Clans to the Mongols?
How did the Mongols treat Conquered Cultures?
How did the Mongols treat Conquered Cultures?
What were the Himalayas to the Mongol Empire?
What were the Himalayas to the Mongol Empire?
What was Siberia to the Mongol Empire?
What was Siberia to the Mongol Empire?
What kind of Damage did the Mongols do?
What kind of Damage did the Mongols do?
What kind of Stability did the Mongols bring?
What kind of Stability did the Mongols bring?
What was the impact of Islam on the Mongols?
What was the impact of Islam on the Mongols?
What was the impact of Persian Influence on the Mongols?
What was the impact of Persian Influence on the Mongols?
Give the Mongol Empire Timeline.
Give the Mongol Empire Timeline.
What happened to the Song Dynasty?
What happened to the Song Dynasty?
How were Civil Service Examinations affected under the Yuan regime?
How were Civil Service Examinations affected under the Yuan regime?
How was Trade affected?
How was Trade affected?
What were the Cultural Differences between the Mongols and the Chinese?
What were the Cultural Differences between the Mongols and the Chinese?
Describe the attempted Conquest of Japan.
Describe the attempted Conquest of Japan.
What happened to the Sediment in Harbor?
What happened to the Sediment in Harbor?
What was Marco Polo's Reaction to China?
What was Marco Polo's Reaction to China?
What were the Mongol Rule Effects in China?
What were the Mongol Rule Effects in China?
How did the Mongol Social Structure affect Chinese?
How did the Mongol Social Structure affect Chinese?
When did Kublai Khan's Reign end?
When did Kublai Khan's Reign end?
How long did the Yuan Dynasty Duration last?
How long did the Yuan Dynasty Duration last?
How can we analyze differences in Mongol and Song governance?
How can we analyze differences in Mongol and Song governance?
What is a Historical Debate surrounding Marco Polo?
What is a Historical Debate surrounding Marco Polo?
What kind of Trade Goods were there?
What kind of Trade Goods were there?
Why was Quanzhou a Distribution Center?
Why was Quanzhou a Distribution Center?
Why did Kublai Khan establish his Capital?
Why did Kublai Khan establish his Capital?
Why did the Chinese believe in Cultural Superiority?
Why did the Chinese believe in Cultural Superiority?
What did Confucian teachings emphasize?
What did Confucian teachings emphasize?
What was the significance of the Central government?
What was the significance of the Central government?
What was the result of Heavy taxes?
What was the result of Heavy taxes?
Flashcards
End of Han Dynasty
End of Han Dynasty
Ended in 220 CE, marking a period of fragmentation.
Period of Disunity
Period of Disunity
A period from 220-581 CE with no central government.
Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty
Established in 581 CE by Wendi, unifying China.
Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation
Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation
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Duration of Period of Disunity
Duration of Period of Disunity
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Characteristics of Period of Disunity
Characteristics of Period of Disunity
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Emperor Wendi
Emperor Wendi
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Emperor Yangdi
Emperor Yangdi
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Major accomplishments of Yangdi
Major accomplishments of Yangdi
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Military campaigns of Yangdi
Military campaigns of Yangdi
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Grand Canal
Grand Canal
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Civil Service Examination System
Civil Service Examination System
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Key Features of Civil Service Examination
Key Features of Civil Service Examination
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Education Process
Education Process
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Success rate of Civil Service Examination
Success rate of Civil Service Examination
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Non-passing candidates
Non-passing candidates
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Warlords
Warlords
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Scholar-officials
Scholar-officials
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Neo-Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism
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Changan
Changan
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Champa rice
Champa rice
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Porcelain
Porcelain
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Waterwheel irrigation
Waterwheel irrigation
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Chang Jiang valley
Chang Jiang valley
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Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
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Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
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Transportation network of Tang Dynasty
Transportation network of Tang Dynasty
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Impact of agricultural improvements
Impact of agricultural improvements
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Significance of porcelain
Significance of porcelain
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Population growth
Population growth
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Timeline of Tang Dynasty
Timeline of Tang Dynasty
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Timeline of Song Dynasty
Timeline of Song Dynasty
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Porcelain-making in Europe
Porcelain-making in Europe
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Mongols
Mongols
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Yurts
Yurts
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Steppes
Steppes
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Horseback Riding
Horseback Riding
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Archery
Archery
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Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan
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Largest Land Empire
Largest Land Empire
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Trade Routes
Trade Routes
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Cultural Tolerance
Cultural Tolerance
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Taxation
Taxation
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Gunpowder
Gunpowder
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Fire Lance
Fire Lance
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Mongol Expansion
Mongol Expansion
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Mongol Empire Geography
Mongol Empire Geography
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Nomadic Living Skills
Nomadic Living Skills
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Clans
Clans
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Conquered Cultures
Conquered Cultures
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Study Notes
- The Han Dynasty ended in 220 CE.
- China experienced the Period of Disunity from 220-581 CE.
- The Period of Disunity lasted approximately 300 years.
- The Period of Disunity was characterized by a lack of central government, division into separate kingdoms, warlord conflicts, nomadic invasions in northern China, and loss of control over neighboring territories like Korea.
- Warlords were military leaders who fought for control during the Period of Disunity.
- The Sui Dynasty was established in 581 CE by Emperor Wendi.
Emperor Wendi
- Emperor Wendi unified China and restored central imperial rule.
- Emperor Yangdi was Wendi's son and successor.
Emperor Yangdi's Accomplishments
- Yangdi repaired the Great Wall.
- Yangdi rebuilt Changan, the capital city.
- Constructed the Grand Canal.
- Yangdi's military campaign to conquer Korea failed.
- Yangdi focused on internal expansion rather than external conquest.
The Grand Canal
- The Grand Canal is approximately 1,100 miles (1,770 km) long.
- The Grand Canal connects the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers.
- The Grand Canal provided a north-south connection between these east-west flowing rivers.
- Civil service exams were implemented to strengthen government through educated officials.
Civil Service Examination System
- Exams were based on Confucian writings.
- Exams were limited to men only, which favored wealthy families.
- Exams created a class of scholar-officials.
- Education began at age 4 with learning Chinese characters.
- Education required memorization of Confucian writings.
- Only 20% of candidates passed he civil Service Examinations.
- Non-passing candidates often became teachers or government assistants.
- Scholar-officials were educated officials who passed the civil service examination.
- Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation emerged in the late 1400s.
- Neo-Confucianism is a philosophical movement that emerged during the late 1400s.
- Changan was the capital city rebuilt by Emperor Yangdi.
- Champa rice, introduced during the Song Dynasty, grew rapidly in poor soil and was disease resistant.
- Porcelain is fine ceramic made from clay, baked at high temperatures, and called 'china' in the West.
- Waterwheel irrigation was introduced during the Tang Dynasty.
- The Chang Jiang valley saw new settlements develop due to population growth.
Tang Dynasty
- The Tang Dynasty began in 618 CE.
- The Tang Dynasty implemented land redistribution and agricultural advancements.
Song Dynasty
- The Song Dynasty began in 960 CE.
- Tang Dynasty continued agricultural reforms and introduced champa rice.
- The Tang Dynasty transportation network included approximately 30,000 miles of canals, road systems, and waterways.
- Agricultural improvements contributed to China's economic growth during the Tang and Song dynasties.
- Porcelain became highly valued in other parts of the world.
- Increased food production led to migration patterns and new settlements.
- Porcelain-making reached Europe in the 1700s.
Mongols
- Nomadic group from Mongolia ruling China.
- Yurts are Movable tents used by Mongol nomads.
- Steppes are Grassy plains from Black Sea to northern China.
- Horseback Riding was essential skill developed by Mongols from age four.
- Mongols could shoot arrows accurately from horseback.
- Genghis Khan was the leader under whom the Mongol Empire expanded significantly.
- Mongols created the largest land empire in history.
- Mongol lands facilitated trade between Asia and Europe.
- Mongols generally accepted and adopted conquered cultures.
- Mongols grew wealthy by taxing trade products.
- Gunpowder was an explosive learned from Chinese during Mongol conquests.
- The Fire Lance was a weapon adopted from Chinese, precursor to guns.
- Mongols advanced into Syria and Palestine, and were halted in Egypt.
- The Mongol Empire stretched from the Pacific Ocean to eastern Europe.
- Mongols developed skills necessary for survival as nomads.
- Clans are groups of related families among the Mongols.
- Mongols admired and learned from cultures they conquered.
- The Himalayas were the southern boundary of the Mongol Empire.
- Siberia was the northern boundary of the Mongol Empire.
- Conquests caused significant destruction to conquered lands.
- Mongol rule brought stability to conquered regions.
- Mongols in Southwest Asia adopted Islam.
- Mongols adopted customs from Persian culture.
- Mongols integrated Turkish ways into their culture.
- Rapid expansion of territory in under 100 years by Mongols.
- Mongol Horsemen were skilled cavalry known for speed and agility.
- Mongol Military Tactics Utilized mobility and archery in warfare.
- The Mongol Empire reached its peak around 1294.
- Kublai Khan was the grandson of Genghis Khan, Mongol ruler of China.
- The Yuan Dynasty was the Mongol dynasty established by Kublai Khan in 1271.
- Khanbaliq was the capital city of the Yuan dynasty, modern Beijing.
- The Song Dynasty was overthrown by Kublai Khan in 1279.
- Mongol Culture was distinct language, laws, and customs separate from Chinese.
- Civil service examinations were not used under Yuan regime for government positions.
- Marco Polo was a Venetian traveler who visited China during Yuan rule.
- Trade improved under Mongolian rule, connecting regions.
- Quanzhou was a major trade city that declined in the 1400s.
- Mongols lived apart from Chinese, maintaining distinct identities.
- Genghis Khan was the founder of the Mongol Empire, known for conquests.
- Mongols failed to conquer Japan due to typhoons.
- Kublai appointed Mongol leaders to key positions.
- Quanzhou's harbor filled with sediment, affecting trade.
- Mongols used fear to subdue populations during conquests.
- Marco Polo was amazed by China's cities and culture.
- China benefited from trade and cultural exchanges during Mongol rule.
- Mongols did not mix socially with Chinese.
- Kublai Khan ruled for 30 years until his death in 1294.
- The Yuan Dynasty lasted approximately 100 years, ending in 1368.
- Mongol Governance combined Mongol leaders with some Chinese officials.
- Silk, spices, and other goods were traded under Mongols.
- Quanzhou became a hub for agricultural products.
- Kublai Khan established Khanbaliq to consolidate power in China.
- Chinese viewed their traditions as superior to Mongols.
- Hong Wu was the founder of the Ming dynasty, former peasant.
- The Ming Dynasty lasted 276 years.
- The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the Middle Ages.
- The Manifesto of Accession was a declaration sent by Hong Wu to foreign leaders.
- Zheng He was a Ming explorer known for maritime voyages.
- Jesuits were Roman Catholic priests who educated in China.
- Confucian teachings are a Philosophy emphasizing societal good over individual desires.
- Manchus were people from Manchuria who invaded China.
- The Qing Dynasty was established by the Manchus in 1644.
- The central government was a powerful governing body unifying China under Ming.
- Christian missionaries were religious figures promoting Christianity in China.
- Heavy taxes were a burden placed on farmers leading to revolts.
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