Week 8 Summary - Brain and Behaviour (Motivation)

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Which part of the hypothalamus stimulates eating?

Ventromedial nucleus
Lateral hypothalamus (correct)
Paraventricular nucleus
Amygdala

Which neurotransmitter stimulates increased eating of carbohydrates?

Serotonin
Endocannabinoids
Neuropeptide Y (correct)
Galanin

What is the formula for calculating body mass index (BMI)?

BMI = weight (kg) * height (m)
BMI = weight (lb) / height (in)
BMI = weight (kg) / height (cm)
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m) (correct)

What is obesity defined as?

BMI greater than 30 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for anorexia nervosa?

Drugs, hospitalization, and psychotherapy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of bulimia nervosa in Australia?

5% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate remedy for the obesity epidemic according to the text?

Prevention (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'National Health and Social Life Survey'?

To collect data that is more representative of the US population (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Chicago sex survey, what was the most common heterosexual sexual practice?

Penis-vagina intercourse (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to others?

Sexual orientation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of motivation is driven by a desire for external rewards, such as money?

Extrinsic motivation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do studies suggest about the percentage of the population that identifies as gay, lesbian, or bisexual in the US, Australia, Canada, and Western Europe?

Around 20% (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the role of cultural forces and traditions in mate selection patterns?

They shape mate selection patterns (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to drive reduction theory, what creates needs for wellbeing?

Homeostasis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does arousal theory state about maintaining optimal arousal levels?

People perform and feel best when arousal is moderate (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to incentive theory, what is the difference between wanting and liking?

Wanting is the immediate evaluation of how pleasurable a stimulus is experienced, whereas liking is the process of being attracted to incentives (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a source of motivation according to the text?

Environmental (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the contemporary view on the behavior of humans and other animals?

It can be shaped, amplified, or suppressed by experience and other factors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe automatic, involuntary behavior patterns triggered by particular stimuli?

Fixed-action patterns (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do psychologists who take the evolutionary approach suggest about behavioral predispositions?

They have evolved in part because they were adaptive for promoting individual survival (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the characteristics of people with high achievement needs?

They actively seek success and take risks when necessary. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between people with learning goals and people with performance goals?

People with performance goals are more persistent and less upset when they do not immediately perform well. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what kind of goals tend to increase people's motivation to persist at a task?

Difficult goals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What factors are important to happiness, according to the text?

Close social ties, religious faith, and progress toward one's goals (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a limitation of the theory?

There may not be a single, universal hierarchy of needs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the ERG theory, what are the three categories of needs?

Existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the ERG theory?

Maslow's hierarchy assumes needs must be satisfied in a particular order, while the ERG theory does not. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe motivational conflicts that arise when one must choose between two desirable activities?

Approach-approach conflicts (C) Signup and view all the answers

When do conflicting motives make a person more vulnerable to physical and psychological problems?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many basic types of motivational conflicts are there?

Four (D) Signup and view all the answers