30 Questions
What type of fault is characterized by a nearly horizontal fault plane angle?
Thrust fault
Which of the following is the most famous strike-slip fault in the world?
San Andreas Fault
What is the primary cause of mountain building according to the text?
Both (a) and (b)
In which stress regime is the structure dominated by normal faults?
Gravity regime
Which type of fault is associated with the Basin-and-Range province?
Normal faults
What is the primary difference between ductile structures and fractures in terms of formation?
Ductile structures cannot be simulated experimentally, while fractures can be
What is the response of a rock undergoing plastic deformation to stress?
Does not return to its original shape
Under what conditions are rocks more likely to deform plastically?
Under high temperatures and pressures
In what direction are sedimentary rock layers originally deposited?
Horizontally
What is the most likely outcome when a rock is subjected to sudden stress?
Fracture
Sedimentary rocks follow certain rules in their formation. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the order of layers in sedimentary rocks?
Oldest layers on the bottom and youngest layers on top
How do rocks respond in elastic deformation when stress is removed?
They return to their original shape
What is a decollement surface named after?
Its French origin meaning 'unstick'
Which type of fold is characterized by rocks formed in a completely different environment on the hanging wall compared to the footwall?
Detachment folds
What concept refers to the direction in which rocks near the surface have moved relative to rocks deeper down?
Vergence
What is the configuration called when imbricate thrust faults merge into flats both upward and downward?
Releasing bend
What do strike-slip faults that are also plate boundaries commonly refer to as?
Transform faults
'Transtension' involves a combination of which two types of motion?
Strike-slip and extension
What type of geological structure is formed when rocks bend downward in a circular pattern?
Basin
What is the term used to describe the fracture in rocks where movement has occurred on one or both sides?
Fault
What is the angle called at which a fault plane is inclined relative to the horizontal surface of the Earth?
Dip
Which type of fault involves the hanging wall dropping down relative to the footwall?
Normal fault
What is the term used for a simple bend in rock layers that are no longer horizontal?
Monocline
Which type of fold has the oldest rocks at the center and the youngest rocks draped over them?
Anticline
What is the primary role of geomechanics in the oil and gas industry?
To predict when and how the equilibrium of stresses and strengths in a formation will be altered
Which of the following activities can potentially alter the equilibrium of stresses and strengths in a subsurface formation?
All of the above
What is the starting point for any formation or reservoir geomechanical assessment?
Analyzing the stresses and strengths of the rocks
Which of the following factors can cause stresses in the subsurface?
All of the above
Which of the following statements is true regarding stresses in the subsurface?
Stresses in the subsurface are not static through time and cannot be characterized in the same way everywhere at any one time
In which areas of the oil and gas industry is geomechanics applied?
Right across the E&P industry, from exploration to abandonment
Test your knowledge on the stresses experienced by geological formations in the subsurface due to factors like deposition, gravitational loading, tectonics, and thermal effects. Understand how these stresses change over geological time and vary in different locations.
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