Subsurface Stresses and Geological Formations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of fault is characterized by a nearly horizontal fault plane angle?

  • Normal fault
  • Strike-slip fault
  • Reverse fault
  • Thrust fault (correct)

    • Which of the following is the most famous strike-slip fault in the world?

  • Garlock Fault
  • Hayward Fault
  • Calaveras Fault
  • San Andreas Fault (correct)

    • What is the primary cause of mountain building according to the text?

  • Subduction of oceanic lithosphere
  • Both (a) and (b) (correct)
  • Tensional stresses pulling the crust apart
  • Convergence of continental plates

    • In which stress regime is the structure dominated by normal faults?

    <p>Gravity regime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fault is associated with the Basin-and-Range province?

    <p>Normal faults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between ductile structures and fractures in terms of formation?

    <p>Ductile structures cannot be simulated experimentally, while fractures can be</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response of a rock undergoing plastic deformation to stress?

    <p>Does not return to its original shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions are rocks more likely to deform plastically?

    <p>Under high temperatures and pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction are sedimentary rock layers originally deposited?

    <p>Horizontally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely outcome when a rock is subjected to sudden stress?

    <p>Fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sedimentary rocks follow certain rules in their formation. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the order of layers in sedimentary rocks?

    <p>Oldest layers on the bottom and youngest layers on top</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do rocks respond in elastic deformation when stress is removed?

    <p>They return to their original shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a decollement surface named after?

    <p>Its French origin meaning 'unstick'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fold is characterized by rocks formed in a completely different environment on the hanging wall compared to the footwall?

    <p>Detachment folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the direction in which rocks near the surface have moved relative to rocks deeper down?

    <p>Vergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the configuration called when imbricate thrust faults merge into flats both upward and downward?

    <p>Releasing bend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do strike-slip faults that are also plate boundaries commonly refer to as?

    <p>Transform faults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Transtension' involves a combination of which two types of motion?

    <p>Strike-slip and extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of geological structure is formed when rocks bend downward in a circular pattern?

    <p>Basin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the fracture in rocks where movement has occurred on one or both sides?

    <p>Fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle called at which a fault plane is inclined relative to the horizontal surface of the Earth?

    <p>Dip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fault involves the hanging wall dropping down relative to the footwall?

    <p>Normal fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a simple bend in rock layers that are no longer horizontal?

    <p>Monocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fold has the oldest rocks at the center and the youngest rocks draped over them?

    <p>Anticline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of geomechanics in the oil and gas industry?

    <p>To predict when and how the equilibrium of stresses and strengths in a formation will be altered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities can potentially alter the equilibrium of stresses and strengths in a subsurface formation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the starting point for any formation or reservoir geomechanical assessment?

    <p>Analyzing the stresses and strengths of the rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can cause stresses in the subsurface?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding stresses in the subsurface?

    <p>Stresses in the subsurface are not static through time and cannot be characterized in the same way everywhere at any one time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which areas of the oil and gas industry is geomechanics applied?

    <p>Right across the E&amp;P industry, from exploration to abandonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

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