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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a subnet mask?
What is the primary purpose of a subnet mask?
How many subnets can be created from an IP network address using 3 bits for subnetting?
How many subnets can be created from an IP network address using 3 bits for subnetting?
What is the subnet mask for creating 8 subnets from a Class C address?
What is the subnet mask for creating 8 subnets from a Class C address?
In the forwarding table, what three components does the router use to deliver a datagram?
In the forwarding table, what three components does the router use to deliver a datagram?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between hosts in a subnet?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between hosts in a subnet?
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What is the correct calculation to find the subnet number using the IP address 192.168.1.128 and the subnet mask 255.255.255.224?
What is the correct calculation to find the subnet number using the IP address 192.168.1.128 and the subnet mask 255.255.255.224?
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What limitation exists when creating subnets using the formula $2^n$?
What limitation exists when creating subnets using the formula $2^n$?
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In the context of a router's job, what does D1 represent?
In the context of a router's job, what does D1 represent?
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Study Notes
Subnetting Introduction
- Subnetting is a technique used to divide a network into smaller sub-networks.
- This allows for better management and utilization of IP addresses.
- Subnets share a single network number but are on different physical networks.
- Each host in a subnet is configured with an IP address and a subnet mask.
- The subnet number is calculated by performing a bitwise "AND" operation between the IP address and subnet mask.
Subnet Mask and Subnet Number
- The subnet mask determines the network portion of an IP address.
- For example, the subnet mask 255.255.255.128 indicates that the first 25 bits are used for the network portion, and the remaining 7 bits are used for the host portion.
- The subnet number identifies a specific subnetwork within a larger network.
Router Functionality in Subnetting
- Routers use forwarding tables to direct traffic based on destination IP addresses.
- Forwarding tables in a subnetted environment include entries for each subnet, along with the corresponding subnet mask and next hop.
- The next hop can be a network interface or another router.
- Routers match incoming datagrams with subnet numbers in their forwarding table.
- Routers forward datagrams to the corresponding interface or router based on that match.
Creating Subnets Example
- To create subnets, a specific number of bits from the host portion of the IP address are borrowed to create the subnet portion.
- The number of bits borrowed determines the number of possible subnets (2^n) and the number of hosts per subnet (2^(number of remaining host bits)).
- Subnets are created by adding blocks of addresses, usually starting with the network address.
- There are always 2 reserved addresses per subnet: the network address and the broadcast address.
Finding Subnet Mask and Network ID
- The default subnet mask for a Class C address is 255.255.255.0.
- To create subnets, additional bits are borrowed from the host portion of the IP address.
- The subnet mask is then adjusted accordingly, resulting in a new subnet mask.
- To find the network ID for a subnet, the IP address is ANDed with the subnet mask. The result of this operation is the network ID.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of subnetting, including subnet masks, subnet numbers, and router functionalities. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of how networks are divided and managed. Perfect for beginners in networking!
