Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a subnet mask?
What is the primary purpose of a subnet mask?
- To identify the network and subnet bits in an IP address (correct)
- To create additional IP addresses
- To enhance network speed
- To secure data transmission
How many bits need to be borrowed to create four subnets?
How many bits need to be borrowed to create four subnets?
- 4 bits
- 3 bits
- 2 bits (correct)
- 1 bit
If a Class C network is partitioned into four subnets, what is the resulting subnet mask?
If a Class C network is partitioned into four subnets, what is the resulting subnet mask?
- 255.255.255.0
- 255.255.255.128
- 255.255.255.192 (correct)
- 255.255.255.224
What is the result of borrowing bits from the host part of an IP address?
What is the result of borrowing bits from the host part of an IP address?
If 3 bits are borrowed from the host portion for subnetting, how many subnets can be created?
If 3 bits are borrowed from the host portion for subnetting, how many subnets can be created?
What is indicated by the two Most Significant Bit (MSB) positions borrowed from the host and network portions?
What is indicated by the two Most Significant Bit (MSB) positions borrowed from the host and network portions?
What is the total number of usable hosts per subnet when a subnet uses 3 bits for hosts?
What is the total number of usable hosts per subnet when a subnet uses 3 bits for hosts?
If only two host addresses are needed for a router-to-router link, what subnet mask would likely be used?
If only two host addresses are needed for a router-to-router link, what subnet mask would likely be used?
What equation can be applied to calculate the number of hosts per subnet?
What equation can be applied to calculate the number of hosts per subnet?
What is the effect of subnetting on the overall number of IP addresses in a network?
What is the effect of subnetting on the overall number of IP addresses in a network?
What subnet mask is needed for a router-to-router link requiring only two host addresses?
What subnet mask is needed for a router-to-router link requiring only two host addresses?
What does a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 indicate about IP addresses in a LAN?
What does a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 indicate about IP addresses in a LAN?
How can you verify if a destination IP address is in the same subnet as the LAN?
How can you verify if a destination IP address is in the same subnet as the LAN?
What is typically the physical network interface for gateway IP addresses in a LAN?
What is typically the physical network interface for gateway IP addresses in a LAN?
What does the first three octets in the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 signify?
What does the first three octets in the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 signify?
What is a common misconception about subnetting with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0?
What is a common misconception about subnetting with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0?
In the example provided, what does the destination IP address 172.16.34.15 indicate when using a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0?
In the example provided, what does the destination IP address 172.16.34.15 indicate when using a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0?
How does borrowing bits in subnetting affect available hosts in a subnet?
How does borrowing bits in subnetting affect available hosts in a subnet?
If a network uses 255.255.255.128 as a subnet mask, what is the potential number of subnets?
If a network uses 255.255.255.128 as a subnet mask, what is the potential number of subnets?
What is the effect of using a subnet mask with fewer host bits?
What is the effect of using a subnet mask with fewer host bits?
Flashcards
Subnetting
Subnetting
Breaking down a network into smaller subnets using subnet masks.
Subnet Mask
Subnet Mask
A bitmask that identifies which bits in an IP address represent the network/subnet portion.
Borrowing bits
Borrowing bits
Taking bits from the host portion of an IP address to create more subnets.
Subnet
Subnet
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Number of subnets
Number of subnets
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Hosts/subnet
Hosts/subnet
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Class C Network
Class C Network
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MSB (Most Significant Bit)
MSB (Most Significant Bit)
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Host bits
Host bits
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Network bits
Network bits
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IP Address
IP Address
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LAN
LAN
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Router
Router
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Gateway IP address
Gateway IP address
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Subnet Mask Example
Subnet Mask Example
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Destination Network
Destination Network
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Subnet Mask Calculation
Subnet Mask Calculation
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Host Address
Host Address
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255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
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Study Notes
Subnet Masks
- Subnetting is a technique to divide networks into subnets.
- Subnets are created using subnet masks.
- Subnet masks identify bits in IP addresses used to signify network/subnet portions.
Subnetting
- Subnetting breaks down networks into smaller subnets.
- Subnets are created by borrowing bits from the host portion of IP addresses.
- The new subnet bits, along with the network portion, define the new subnet.
- Routers use this information to forward data packets to the correct subnets.
IP Address Classes (A, B, C)
- Class A networks have a variable network portion (more host bits).
- Class B networks have a larger network portion.
- Class C networks have the largest network portion (least amount of host bits).
- Octet values are used to divide the IP address into pieces.
Subnet Creation
- Subnets are formed by borrowing bits from the host portion using the formula:
- Number of subnets = 2x where x = Number of borrowed bits
- Subnets reduce available host bits reducing the total number of hosts in the subnet.
- Formulas for host/subnet calculation:
- Number of hosts/subnet = 2y-x where y = number of original bits in the host portion, and x = number of borrowed bits
Usable Hosts/Subnet
- Subnets have network and broadcast addresses.
- A formula accounts for these when calculating usable hosts.
- Usable hosts/subnet = 2(y-x) - 2
Applying Subnet Masks
- Subnet masks use logical AND operations (1s and 0s.)
- 1s in the mask indicate the IP address bits passed during forwarding.
- 0s in the mask prevent forwarding those bits.
- Output depends on whether the subnet mask bit is set to 1 or 0.
Example Calculation (192.168.12.0)
- Breaking down the 192.168.12.0 network into four subnets involves borrowing two host bits.
- Therefore x = 2 and y = 8 (standard for class C)
- Using calculating formulas:
- Number of subnets =22 = 4
- Number of hosts/subnet = 28-2 = 64
Subnet Mask Determination
- To find the specific mask, you need to determine the number of host bits being used.
- The most significant bits are borrowed from the original host section of the IP address .
Controlling Data Flow
- Subnet masks help direct data within networks.
- They check if the destination IP address is on the same or different LAN.
- Data packets routed to the gateway address.
- Gateway address in on a different LAN.
- Gateway address is on a layer 3 switch or a router.
Examples and Summary
- Specific examples demonstrate how to apply subnetting to various IP address classes.
- This section has demonstrated how subnets and subnet masks control data flow within computer networks.
- Examples guide the reader through determining the number of hosts in a specific subnet.
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Description
Test your knowledge on subnetting techniques, subnet masks, and IP address classes. This quiz covers how subnets are created by borrowing bits from host portions and the characteristics of Class A, B, and C networks. A great way to solidify your understanding of IP addressing!
