Submarines and Buoyancy Basics

<p>Higher durability and corrosion resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ocean clean-up devices to collect debris. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filling ballast tanks with seawater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Curved hull design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited air supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Titanium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomous operation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface tension arises from cohesive forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can disrupt marine ecosystems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engine power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface tension (A), Hydrophobic legs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reducing water’s surface tension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Budget and maintenance costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can be obstructed by debris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buoyancy exceeds gravity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates an electromagnetic field to move water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing it due to ion interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They depend on wind energy for propulsion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Submarines adjust their buoyancy by filling or emptying ballast tanks with water. Filling increases density and causes the submarine to sink. Emptying decreases density and makes it float.

Design elements for boats to float: lightweight materials, wide hulls displacing more water, balanced weight distribution, and cargo capacity determined by buoyancy limits.

Submarines have cylindrical pressure hulls to withstand pressure, while surface ships have wide, flat hulls for stability. Pressures and the need for air affect design.

Deep-sea submarines use strong materials (like titanium) and reinforced hulls to handle extreme pressures. Hulls are designed in a way to manage pressure and potential breaches or disasters.

The force that pulls the surface molecules of a liquid together, creating a skin-like surface tension; this is different than forces like gravity or friction.

Insects can walk on water due to surface tension, which creates a strong 'skin' on a liquid.

Submarines face major challenges, including high underwater pressures, air supply limitations, and potentially unstable situations.

Surface ships are challenged by wave resistance and stability in rough seas.

Steel, although denser than water, can float because a ship's hollow hull displaces a large volume of water, making its average density less than water.

To predict if something floats, calculate its density (Mass/Volume) and compare it to the density of water (1000 kg/m³). Objects less dense than water float.

If water were denser, ships and submarines would need stronger materials to withstand higher pressures, and marine life would have to adapt to these conditions.

Manipulating buoyancy has applications in ocean cleanup devices, rescue equipment, and submarines. Adjusting buoyancy can allow objects to float, sink, or stay at specific depths.

Aluminum boats are lightweight, corrosion-resistant, durable, and easy to repair. They also have a good lifespan when maintained properly.

Insect legs repel water, spreading weight and preventing the water surface from breaking.

Detergents decrease water's surface tension, improving its spreading over and penetrating surfaces.

Adding salt to water increases water's surface tension by strengthening the intermolecular forces between water molecules.

Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object; gravity is the downward force pulling objects towards Earth. Objects float if buoyancy exceeds gravity.

Buoyancy depends on an object's density (compared to water), and the volume of water displaced.

Sailboats rely on wind, while motorboats use engines for consistent speed and control.

Cruise ships utilize powerful engines and large propellers for efficient movement, reducing water resistance.

Propellers are more efficient at lower speeds, but can be obstructed by debris; jets offer high speeds but are less energy-efficient, and more complex.