Subfields of Anthropology Quiz

<p>It states that the same geological processes we observe today have always occurred over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They believed that a series of catastrophic events, such as massive floods, brought the marine organisms to elevated areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was caused by a comet striking the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extinction of the dinosaurs due to an asteroid impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provided him with extensive observations of diverse species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lyell's work provided evidence for the gradual change of Earth over time, supporting the idea of gradual evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glacial cooling and aridity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herbert Spencer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It utilizes systematic methods like excavation and analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural processes like burial and sedimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artifacts and ecofacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By excavating layers of soil and analyzing artifacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spatial context is crucial for understanding the relationship between artifacts and their environment, revealing behaviors and cultural practices. For example: 1) An artifact found in a domestic setting may indicate daily life activities. 2) One found in a burial context could suggest ritualistic practices. 3) An artifact discovered in a refuse pit might reflect discard practices and social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By analyzing tool residue, examining raw material sources, and studying artifact distribution patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaeologists analyze food remains through techniques such as microwear analysis, isotopic analysis, and residue analysis, which help them understand dietary habits, trade networks, and agricultural practices of past cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The species of animals that were hunted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By analyzing the types of plants consumed and their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollen analysis reveals information about ancient vegetation, climate, and human activity. Palynologists extract sediment samples, analyze the types and quantities of pollen grains, and compare them to reference collections to reconstruct past ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By revealing oxygen isotope ratios that indicate past water temperatures and ice volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dietary habits and nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology, thermoluminescence dating, stratigraphy, and obsidian hydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By matching tree-ring patterns from overlapping samples; it helps in dating archaeological sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Issues related to cultural heritage, repatriation of artifacts, and dealings with indigenous communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should ensure ethical engagement, provide information about findings, involve descendants in research processes, and respect cultural values and concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To respect the cultural heritage and rights of the communities connected to the sites being studied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the artistic expression in Upper Paleolithic art may be an inherent human trait and reflects cognitive and cultural development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of advanced tools and artistic expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples include: 1. Blade technology, 2. Atlatl or spear thrower, 3. Diverse hunting tactics including fishing, 4. Use of materials like amber, 5. Evidence of plant grinding stones, 6. Trade networks shown by exotic materials, 7. Sites like Dolni Vestonice, 8. Venus figurines, 9. Burial mounds with grave goods, 10. Cave paintings in Lascaux.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of specialized hunting tools like the spear thrower</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone and antler tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Found in caves, painted with animal fat, approximately 40,000 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent early forms of religious beliefs or spiritual practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Venus figurines and musical instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduct experiments with modern participants recreating the conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The assertion that Venus figurines are fertility symbols can be defended by pointing to their exaggerated reproductive features, which suggest a focus on fertility and reproduction. However, it can also be refuted by arguing that their purpose may have been more complex, serving as representations of beauty, health, or status rather than solely fertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political conflict, cultural changes, and ideological disputes often lead to the destruction of art and architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artifacts found in Lake Mungo</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ancient cave paintings found in various locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is approximately 40,000 years old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were descendants of the lost tribes of Israel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beringia was a land bridge that connected Asia and North America, exposed during the last Ice Age approximately 20,000 to 30,000 years ago, and it covered around 1,000 miles (1,600 km); it was likely harsh and cold, thus not very hospitable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stone tools found in Beringia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides evidence of early human diet and habitation in a coastal area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Clovis advantage refers to the superior hunting techniques and tools used by the Clovis culture, which allowed them to hunt large megafauna effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He is one of the oldest skeletal remains discovered in North America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides evidence of multiple migrations across the Bering Strait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, there were other factors involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is some evidence to suggest a possible connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support because the Holocene epoch, which began approximately 11,700 years ago, marks the end of the last major glacial period and the transition to a warmer climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shift towards agriculture and settled communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They adapted their subsistence strategies to include smaller game and foraging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-Pleistocene cultures in South America, such as the Andean cultures, significantly relied on camelid exploitation (like llamas and alpacas) for transportation, food, and textiles. Coastal resources were equally significant, providing seafood and trade opportunities, thus supporting diverse subsistence strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>David Phillipson emphasizes the importance of cultural developments during the post-Pleistocene in Africa, highlighting their role in the survival of communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a transitional phase between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of permanent settlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificial selection is driven by human preferences, while natural selection is driven by environmental pressures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Natufian culture is known for its semi-sedentary lifestyle, use of wild cereal grains, and elaborate burial practices. Unlike other groups of the same period, they also built structures and started to show early signs of agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Settlement sites with evidence of domestic animal remains</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maize (Corn) and Potatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Millet and Sorghum</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>Potatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Llamas, Alpacas, Turkeys</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective breeding of wild teosinte plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-distance migrants identified by tooth enamel analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complex society refers to a social structure characterized by a high degree of specialization, social stratification, and centralized governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that complex social organization existed before the advent of agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show that complexity emerged in hunter-gatherer societies with social organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance cooperation, resource management, and cultural evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food production and scarcity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To impress other societies and demonstrate wealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is one of the oldest known urban settlements in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agricultural innovation and surplus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They had a strong political hierarchy that could mobilize labor and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Norte Chico region features a coastal environment with arid conditions, river valleys, and access to marine resources. It is considered one of the areas where South America's earliest complex societies developed due to its agricultural potential and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caral is important because it is one of the oldest known urban centers in the Americas, demonstrating early forms of social organization, architecture, and agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chavín de Huantar is characterized by its complex architectural structures, large stone carvings, and advanced drainage systems. It implies a centralized religious authority and possibly a theocratic political structure due to its significance as a pilgrimage site and its influence over surrounding regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, it led to the development of surplus, population growth, and the need for organized governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food producers can support larger populations and create surpluses, leading to specialization and social stratification.</p> Signup and view all the answers