Stuttering and Cluttering Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of evidence-based practice in the treatment of stuttering?

  • It allows clinicians to dispense treatments without assessing client needs.
  • It guarantees a cure for all patients.
  • It involves using the best research and clinical expertise to meet client preferences. (correct)
  • It ensures that only traditional methods are used in treatment.

What is stated about the genetic factors associated with stuttering?

  • Stuttering shows greater concordance among identical twins than fraternal twins. (correct)
  • Stuttering is solely caused by environmental influences.
  • There is no evidence suggesting a genetic component to stuttering.
  • Genetic factors have no impact on the likelihood of stuttering in families.

What should be considered before dispensing products for stuttering treatment?

  • The expected benefit of the product for the client. (correct)
  • The financial cost of the product to the clinician.
  • The popularity of the product in the market.
  • The recommendations from family members.

What statement reflects the importance of client involvement in treatment?

<p>The client's needs and preferences should guide the treatment decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of stutterers may not have a family history of the disorder?

<p>40 to 70 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom associated with cluttering?

<p>Excessive speed of speech (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is typically noted in individuals with cluttering regarding their awareness of fluency issues?

<p>Limited awareness of fluency and rate problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of cluttering on a person's social or vocational life?

<p>Social or vocational problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the speech of someone who clutters be temporarily improved?

<p>By encouraging them to 'slow down' or 'pay attention' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following might indicate a cluttering disorder in a person?

<p>Restlessness and impulsivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a core behavior of stuttering?

<p>Prolongations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the designation for the behavioral manifestations of stuttering?

<p>Disability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the definition of a handicap related to stuttering?

<p>Behavioral manifestations of stuttering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of behavior includes the act of substituting feared words during speech?

<p>Secondary behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the personal factors that may influence stuttering?

<p>Feelings, Attitudes, and Cognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptions fits the impairment aspect of stuttering?

<p>Involuntary repetitive sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emotional or psychological impact of stuttering?

<p>Negative self-perception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of stuttering consists of repetitions and blocks?

<p>Core behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of typically disfluent children aged 2 to 6?

<p>They do not seem aware of their disfluencies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with increased normal disfluencies in children?

<p>Advanced vocabulary development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines borderline stuttering in younger preschool children?

<p>Disfluencies that do not affect social interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of classical conditioning in the stuttering process for school-age children?

<p>It spreads the emotion associated with stuttering. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying process is often observed in older preschool children experiencing beginning stuttering?

<p>Increased muscle tension and tempo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does avoidance conditioning contribute to in the context of stuttering in school-age children?

<p>Avoidance of certain words and situations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding advanced stuttering in older teens and adults?

<p>It typically involves minimal impact from previous environmental factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age of onset for stuttering in children?

<p>2.8 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of conditioning increases the frequency of escape behaviors in stuttering?

<p>Operant conditioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is believed to decrease the likelihood of spontaneous recovery from stuttering?

<p>Having relatives who were persistent stutterers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group experiences the highest prevalence of stuttering?

<p>Kindergarten children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children who begin to stutter recover without treatment?

<p>70 to 80 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is associated with a greater likelihood of recovery from stuttering?

<p>Being right-handed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the onset of stuttering is true?

<p>It may start gradually and sporadically. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the prevalence of stuttering in adults?

<p>It is slightly less than 1 percent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor might indicate persistence rather than recovery from stuttering?

<p>Presence of prolongations and blocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key goal of treatment for preschool children who stutter?

<p>Improve their fluency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy technique is primarily focused on conditioning fluency?

<p>Stocker Probe Technique (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In therapy for school-age children, what is the ultimate goal regarding stuttered moments?

<p>Control over the stuttered moments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about family history in stuttering is true?

<p>A strong family history increases the likelihood of speech issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of fluency reinforcement programs, which program is designed for preschool children?

<p>Lidcombe Program (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of school-age children who stutter and receive therapy?

<p>They develop healthy attitudes toward speaking. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is characterized by both fluency shaping and stuttering modification techniques?

<p>Integrated Approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a concern for children with early onset stuttering?

<p>Presence of family history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Stuttering Impairment

Neuropsychological and neurophysiological events that happen before and during stuttering, including how it sounds and looks.

Stuttering Disability

The audible/visible actions that are the outward signs of stuttering.

Stuttering Handicap

Disadvantages resulting from how people who stutter and listeners react to the symptoms of stuttering.

Core Stuttering Behaviors

The core parts of stuttering itself, like repetitions of sounds, syllables, whole words or phrases, prolongations, and blocks.

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Secondary Stuttering Behaviors

Behaviors that are not directly related to speech production. These behaviors appear as a response to feeling nervous or avoiding stuttering.

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Stuttering Repetitions

Repeating sounds, syllables, words, or phrases more than 3 times.

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Prolongation (in Stuttering)

A longer than normal sound duration during speech.

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Block (in Stuttering)

A temporary stop of speech due to muscle tension or breath control issues during speech.

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Stuttering causes

Genetic, developmental, and environmental factors contribute to stuttering, but the exact causes aren't fully understood.

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Stuttering onset

Stuttering can begin gradually, increasing from normal childhood disfluencies, or suddenly with prolongations or blocks. It may start sporadically, then become persistent.

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Stuttering prevalence

The percentage of people who stutter at a specific time. About 2.4% in kindergarten, 1% in school-age and slightly less than 1% in adults.

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Stuttering incidence

Percentage of people who have ever stuttered in their lives, estimated at about 5% .

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Recovery from stuttering

A large percentage (70 - 80%) of children who stutter recover without treatment.

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Factors decreasing recovery

Family history of persistent stuttering, being a male, late onset (after age 3.5), stuttering persisting over a year, certain speech patterns (multiple repetitions, prolongations, blocks), below average phonological skills, decrease chances of recovery.

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Factors associated with recovery

Right-handedness, nondirective mothers, a slower speech rate and a more mature speech motor system correlate with recovery.

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Mother's communication style

Mothers using simpler language when talking to their children might be linked to children's recovery from stuttering.

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Genetic Influence on Stuttering

Stuttering is believed to be inherited, with multiple genes and environmental factors playing a role. The environment, including epigenetics (factors influencing gene expression), also contributes.

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Twin Studies and Stuttering

Identical twins are more likely to both stutter than fraternal twins, supporting the strong role of genetics in stuttering. However, the environment also has an impact.

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Evidence-Based Practice in Stuttering Therapy

Treating stuttering effectively involves using the best available research (high quality evidence), alongside clinical expertise and the client's individual needs and preferences.

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Client-Centered Approach to Stuttering

The client's needs and preferences should guide the treatment process, not solely the clinician's expertise.

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Congenital and Early Childhood Factors in Stuttering

While many stutterers have a family history of stuttering, 40-70% don't, suggesting that other factors in early childhood can also contribute.

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Repetition in Young Children

Young children often repeat sounds, syllables, or words when they speak, a typical part of language development.

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Revision in Older Children

As children get older, they're more likely to revise their speech, changing words or phrases, instead of repeating.

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Typical Disfluency

Age 2-6, common speech hesitations, repetitions, and interruptions are considered normal.

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Factors Increasing Disfluencies

Language learning demands, slow speech motor skills, stress, and excitement can increase typical disfluencies in children..

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Borderline Stuttering

Ages 2-3.5, children show signs of stuttering, but it's mild and often temporary.

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Constitutional Factors

Innate factors, such as individual variations in speech and language development, can influence the likelihood of stuttering.

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Environmental Factors

External influences, like communication stress at home or psychosocial stress, can contribute to stuttering.

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Resource Reallocation

As a child's speech and language systems mature, the brain becomes more efficient at handling speech production, often leading to a decrease in stuttering.

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Cluttering Symptoms

Cluttering involves rapid speech, disorganized language, and difficulty planning and organizing thoughts. Other symptoms include repetitions, excessive speed, monotone speech, reading and writing disorders, and a lack of awareness of fluency problems.

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Cluttering vs. Stuttering

Cluttering differs from stuttering in its lack of physical struggle during speech. Cluttering focuses on disorganized and rapid speech, while stuttering usually involves blocks, repetitions, and prolongations.

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Cluttering: Who is affected?

Cluttering primarily affects others who interact with the person, as they may struggle to understand the rapid and disorganized speech. It's not necessarily a problem for the person themselves.

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Cluttering and Learning Disabilities

Cluttering is sometimes associated with learning disabilities, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or auditory processing difficulties. It may occur alongside these issues.

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Cluttering and Family History

A family history of stuttering or cluttering can contribute to the development of cluttering. This suggests a possible genetic component.

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Fluency Shaping

A stuttering treatment approach that focuses on improving speech fluency through controlled strategies like slower speech rate and smoother transitions between sounds.

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Stuttering Modification

A stuttering treatment approach that helps individuals stutter more easily by managing their feelings, reducing fear, and developing coping mechanisms for stuttering moments.

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Fluency Reinforcement

Treatment approach that rewards fluent speech, encouraging consistent and smooth speaking.

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Early Onset of Stuttering

Stuttering that begins before the age of 36 months, often with a higher chance of recovery.

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Integrated Approach (Stuttering)

Combines fluency shaping and stuttering modification techniques to create a comprehensive treatment plan.

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Lidcombe Program

A parent-implemented fluency reinforcement program for preschoolers with stuttering.

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School-Age Stuttering Treatment Aims

Focuses on improving fluency, building positive attitudes towards speaking and stuttering, and creating a supportive environment.

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Preschool Stuttering Treatment Goals

Aimed at improving a child's fluency, enhancing parental and teacher guidance for a supportive speech environment, and promoting natural speech patterns.

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Study Notes

SLP 326 Fluency Exam Prep

  • Exam date: Thursday, December 12, 2024
  • Exam time: 11:30 AM - 1:30 PM
  • Exam location: E1-1027

General Exam Info

  • Exam format: 100 marks

  • Written paper-based

  • Weighting: MCQs & True/False = 40%

  • MCQs structure: Only one correct answer per question, 1-20 marks per question. Simple to complex questions from all included sections.

  • Short questions/answers: 1-10 marks, questions from all included sections. Matching columns.

  • Long questions/answers: 10-20 marks, questions from all included sections.

  • Case study: General case, very little application, read the question carefully, consider the mark allocation.

Examples

  • Stuttering is most common during preschool years.
  • Recovery without intervention is described as an adaptation effect.

Detailed Exam Information

  • Examples for questions include: Define secondary behaviours in stuttering and provide two examples, Explain the differences between common disfluency and stuttering in preschool children, Explain the differences between indirect and direct approaches in stuttering therapy, List and briefly describe the four phases of stuttering modification, purpose of each, purpose of using self-rating scales and cognitive activities in stuttering intervention, List and briefly describe environmental and developmental factors influencing stuttering onset and persistence.

  • Other sample questions: Discuss the assessment of fluency disorders, differential diagnosis of stuttering and cluttering. Also discuss direct and indirect approaches of stuttering therapy in the context of the WHO ICF framework.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in the treatment and understanding of stuttering and cluttering disorders. It addresses evidence-based practices, genetic factors, client involvement, and the effects of these speech disorders on individuals. Dive into the symptoms and behaviors associated with these conditions to enhance your knowledge.

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