Studying Populations Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is direct observation?

  • Counting the number of nesting sites in an area
  • Counting hawks with and without bands on their legs
  • Counting all the crabs that live in a tide pool (correct)
  • Counting the number of red maples in a small area

    • What is indirect observation?

  • Counting hawks with and without bands on their legs
  • Counting the number of red maples in a small area
  • Counting the number of nesting sites in an area (correct)
  • Counting all the crabs that live in a tide pool

    • What is sampling?

  • Counting all the crabs that live in a tide pool
  • Counting hawks with and without bands on their legs
  • Counting the number of red maples in a small area to estimate the number in the entire forest (correct)
  • Counting the number of nesting sites in an area

    • What is a mark and recapture study?

    <p>Counting hawks with and without bands on their legs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can populations change size?

    <p>When new members join the population or when members leave the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major way in which new individuals are added to a population?

    <p>By being born into it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is birthrate?

    <p>The number of births in a population in a certain amount of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major way that individuals leave a population?

    <p>Death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is death rate?

    <p>The number of deaths in a population in a certain amount of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the birth rate is greater than the death rate, population size decreases.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is immigration?

    <p>Moving into a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emigration?

    <p>Leaving a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Population density is the number of individuals in a specific area.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limiting factor?

    <p>An environmental factor that causes a population to decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some limiting factors for populations?

    <p>Food, water, space, and weather conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is carrying capacity?

    <p>The largest population that an area can support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Space is often a limiting factor for plants.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some ways weather conditions can limit population growth?

    <p>Temperature and rainfall can limit population growth. Harsh weather conditions can prevent food production and less people can be supported.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is succession?

    <p>Series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primary succession?

    <p>Series of changes that occur in an area where no soil or organisms exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is secondary succession?

    <p>Series of changes that occur in an area where the ecosystem has been disturbed, but where soil and organisms exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pioneer species?

    <p>The first species to populate the area in primary succession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common primary species?

    <p>Mosses and lichens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pioneer species help develop soil?

    <p>Pioneer species help develop soil because when organisms die, they provide nutrients that enrich the thin layer of soil that is forming on rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural disturbances can result in secondary succession?

    <p>Natural disturbances that have an effect include fires, hurricanes, and tornados.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activities can result in secondary succession?

    <p>Farming, logging, or mining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary succession occurs more slowly than primary succession.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Matter is made up of tiny particles called?

    <p>Atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two or more atoms that are joined and act as a unit?

    <p>Molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three important cycles of matter in an ecosystem?

    <p>Carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water is essential for life.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back?

    <p>Water cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is evaporation?

    <p>Process by which liquid water changes to water vapor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is condensation?

    <p>Process by which water vapor changes to liquid water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is precipitation?

    <p>Forms of water that fall from clouds and reach Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy for evaporation comes from the sun.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process results in the formation of clouds?

    <p>Condensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four forms of precipitation?

    <p>Rain, sleet, snow, hail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Population Studies Terminology

    • Direct observation involves counting individual organisms, such as crabs in a tide pool.
    • Indirect observation relies on counting signs of organisms, like nesting sites.
    • Sampling estimates population size by counting organisms in a smaller area, such as red maples in a section of a forest.
    • Mark and recapture study tracks population sizes by observing marked individuals, such as hawks with bands.

    Population Dynamics

    • Population size changes occur through the addition of new members or the departure of existing ones.
    • The main way individuals are added to a population is through births.
    • Birthrate is defined as the number of births in a population over a specific period.
    • The primary means of individuals leaving a population is through death, characterized by the death rate, or the number of deaths in a population over time.

    Movement of Individuals

    • Immigration refers to the process of individuals moving into a population.
    • Emigration is the act of leaving a population.

    Population Density and Factors

    • Population density measures the number of individuals within a specific area.
    • A limiting factor is an environmental condition that leads to a population decline, with examples including food, water, space, and weather.
    • Carrying capacity represents the maximum population size that an environment can sustain.

    Effects of Weather and Space on Populations

    • Weather conditions like temperature and rainfall can restrict population growth, preventing adequate food production.
    • Space is generally a limiting factor for animal populations, rather than for plants.

    Ecological Succession

    • Succession describes a series of predictable environmental changes in a community over time.
    • Primary succession occurs in environments with no existing soil or organisms.
    • Secondary succession happens following disturbances in areas where soil and organisms still exist.
    • Pioneer species are the first organisms to inhabit a previously barren area during primary succession, often including mosses and lichens.

    Soil Development and Natural Disturbances

    • Pioneer species contribute to soil development by adding nutrients as they die and decompose.
    • Natural disturbances that can lead to secondary succession include fires, hurricanes, and tornadoes, while human activities like farming, logging, and mining can also trigger this process.

    Matter and Ecosystem Cycles

    • Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms. When two or more atoms bond, they form a molecule.
    • Important cycles of matter in ecosystems include the carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles.
    • Water is crucial for life, participating in the water cycle, which involves the continuous movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere.

    Water Cycle Processes

    • Evaporation is when liquid water transforms into water vapor.
    • Condensation occurs when water vapor changes back into liquid form, leading to cloud formation.
    • Precipitation refers to various forms of water, such as rain, sleet, snow, and hail, that descend from clouds due to condensation.

    Energy and Water Cycle

    • The energy necessary for evaporation originates from the sun, driving these water cycle processes.

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    Test your knowledge of key concepts related to studying animal populations with these flashcards. Each card provides a term and its definition, helping you understand methods like direct observation, indirect observation, sampling, and mark and recapture. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding!

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