Questions and Answers
What is direct observation?
What is indirect observation?
What is sampling?
What is a mark and recapture study?
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How can populations change size?
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What is the major way in which new individuals are added to a population?
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What is birthrate?
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What is the major way that individuals leave a population?
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What is death rate?
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If the birth rate is greater than the death rate, population size decreases.
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What is immigration?
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What is emigration?
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Population density is the number of individuals in a specific area.
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What is a limiting factor?
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What are some limiting factors for populations?
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What is carrying capacity?
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Space is often a limiting factor for plants.
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What are some ways weather conditions can limit population growth?
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What is succession?
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What is primary succession?
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What is secondary succession?
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What are pioneer species?
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What are common primary species?
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How do pioneer species help develop soil?
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What natural disturbances can result in secondary succession?
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What human activities can result in secondary succession?
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Secondary succession occurs more slowly than primary succession.
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Matter is made up of tiny particles called?
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What are two or more atoms that are joined and act as a unit?
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What are the three important cycles of matter in an ecosystem?
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Water is essential for life.
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What is the continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back?
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What is evaporation?
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What is condensation?
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What is precipitation?
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The energy for evaporation comes from the sun.
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What process results in the formation of clouds?
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What are the four forms of precipitation?
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Study Notes
Population Studies Terminology
- Direct observation involves counting individual organisms, such as crabs in a tide pool.
- Indirect observation relies on counting signs of organisms, like nesting sites.
- Sampling estimates population size by counting organisms in a smaller area, such as red maples in a section of a forest.
- Mark and recapture study tracks population sizes by observing marked individuals, such as hawks with bands.
Population Dynamics
- Population size changes occur through the addition of new members or the departure of existing ones.
- The main way individuals are added to a population is through births.
- Birthrate is defined as the number of births in a population over a specific period.
- The primary means of individuals leaving a population is through death, characterized by the death rate, or the number of deaths in a population over time.
Movement of Individuals
- Immigration refers to the process of individuals moving into a population.
- Emigration is the act of leaving a population.
Population Density and Factors
- Population density measures the number of individuals within a specific area.
- A limiting factor is an environmental condition that leads to a population decline, with examples including food, water, space, and weather.
- Carrying capacity represents the maximum population size that an environment can sustain.
Effects of Weather and Space on Populations
- Weather conditions like temperature and rainfall can restrict population growth, preventing adequate food production.
- Space is generally a limiting factor for animal populations, rather than for plants.
Ecological Succession
- Succession describes a series of predictable environmental changes in a community over time.
- Primary succession occurs in environments with no existing soil or organisms.
- Secondary succession happens following disturbances in areas where soil and organisms still exist.
- Pioneer species are the first organisms to inhabit a previously barren area during primary succession, often including mosses and lichens.
Soil Development and Natural Disturbances
- Pioneer species contribute to soil development by adding nutrients as they die and decompose.
- Natural disturbances that can lead to secondary succession include fires, hurricanes, and tornadoes, while human activities like farming, logging, and mining can also trigger this process.
Matter and Ecosystem Cycles
- Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms. When two or more atoms bond, they form a molecule.
- Important cycles of matter in ecosystems include the carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles.
- Water is crucial for life, participating in the water cycle, which involves the continuous movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere.
Water Cycle Processes
- Evaporation is when liquid water transforms into water vapor.
- Condensation occurs when water vapor changes back into liquid form, leading to cloud formation.
- Precipitation refers to various forms of water, such as rain, sleet, snow, and hail, that descend from clouds due to condensation.
Energy and Water Cycle
- The energy necessary for evaporation originates from the sun, driving these water cycle processes.
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Test your knowledge of key concepts related to studying animal populations with these flashcards. Each card provides a term and its definition, helping you understand methods like direct observation, indirect observation, sampling, and mark and recapture. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding!