Questions and Answers
How is average speed calculated?
Average speed is calculated by dividing the distance of an object in motion by its time.
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
The difference is that velocity has direction; speed does not.
What is a rate, and what is the equation for rate?
A rate is a unit per measure of time, calculated by number divided by time.
What is acceleration?
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What are 4 things you can tell from a velocity-time graph?
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What is deceleration?
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What is the direction of velocity, acceleration, and the force applied in 'acceleration'?
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What is momentum?
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What does the Law of Conservation of Momentum state?
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What is the difference between a zero slope on a distance/time graph versus a velocity/time graph?
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If a car traveling at +55 km/hr slams on its brakes to avoid a deer and comes to a stop in 10 seconds, what is its acceleration? Is it deceleration, how can you tell?
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What is needed to cause acceleration?
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Study Notes
Average Speed
- Average speed is determined by dividing the total distance traveled by the total time taken.
Speed vs. Velocity
- Speed is a scalar quantity representing how fast an object moves, while velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction.
Rate
- A rate measures quantity in relation to time, expressed mathematically as: Rate = Number / Time.
Acceleration
- Acceleration refers to the change in speed (either increase or decrease) or a change in direction of an object.
Graphing Acceleration
- A graph illustrating acceleration should depict three segments:
- Initial steady increase in speed,
- Subsequent slower increase in speed,
- Finally reaching a constant speed (zero acceleration).
Velocity-Time Graph Insights
- A velocity-time graph can provide information such as:
- The object’s acceleration,
- Direction of motion,
- Changes in speed over time,
- Accumulated distance through the area under the graph.
Deceleration
- Deceleration is the term for when an object’s speed decreases, indicating a reduction in velocity.
Direction of Motion
- In scenarios involving acceleration, velocity, and applied force, the direction is specified as west.
Momentum
- Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity, representing the quantity of motion an object has.
Law of Conservation of Momentum
- The Law of Conservation of Momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant, assuming no external forces act upon it.
Zero Slope Interpretation
- A zero slope on a distance-time (d/t) graph signifies that the object has stopped moving, whereas a zero slope on a velocity-time (v/t) graph indicates the object maintains a constant speed.
Example of Car Deceleration
- If a car traveling at +55 km/hr comes to a stop within 10 seconds, its acceleration can be calculated, revealing it to be a case of deceleration due to the reduction in speed.
Calculating Acceleration from a V/T Graph
- To find acceleration from a velocity-time graph, draw the graph with five data points and calculate the slope.
Causes of Acceleration
- Acceleration occurs when there is a net force acting on an object, leading to changes in speed or direction.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in motion, focusing on average speed and the distinctions between speed and velocity. It is designed to help reinforce your understanding of these fundamental physics principles. Test your knowledge and improve your grasp on motion dynamics!
