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What major event prompted the U.S. to establish NASA?

  • The signing of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
  • The development of chemical weapons by the U.S.
  • The successful launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union (correct)
  • The launch of a long-range missile system by the U.S.
  • Which of the following describes a major ethical dilemma faced by scientists during the Cold War?

  • The direction of public funding for scientific projects
  • The impact of technological advancements on healthcare
  • The potential military uses of their scientific research (correct)
  • The risk of depleting natural resources
  • What concept significantly shaped geopolitics during the Cold War?

  • Technological collaboration in agriculture
  • Mutually assured destruction (MAD) (correct)
  • Information exchange between nations
  • Environmental conservation efforts
  • Which of the following weapons was a concern despite international treaties?

    <p>Chemical and biological weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the arms race between the superpowers during the Cold War?

    <p>Large-scale development of nuclear arsenals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientific collaboration was notably influenced by military considerations during the Cold War?

    <p>International cooperation in physics and medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did many scientists, including Albert Einstein, express regret over?

    <p>The military application of nuclear bombs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did advances in prosthetics impact the treatment of war injuries?

    <p>They enhanced the functionality of artificial limbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle assert about the knowledge of a particle's properties?

    <p>It is impossible to know both position and momentum simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the main focus of Einstein's Theory of Relativity?

    <p>It states that space, time, and mass are relative to the observer's position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophical implications arose from the theories of relativity?

    <p>They challenged long-held beliefs in objective truth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which postmodern thinker emphasized the concept of paradigm shifts in scientific progress?

    <p>Thomas Kuhn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Paul Feyerabend's view on the nature of science?

    <p>Science is influenced by social and cultural factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept did Einstein's relativity directly challenge?

    <p>The rigid nature of classical mechanics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did postmodern thinkers view the relationship between science and truth?

    <p>Science is influenced by paradigms and historical contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Uncertainty Principle imply about the nature of reality?

    <p>Uncertainty is a fundamental aspect of nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the consequences of scientific advancements during the European imperial expansion?

    <p>Increased efficiency in resource extraction and transportation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did scientific racism function to justify imperialism?

    <p>By classifying different human groups as inferior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was often neglected in colonial education systems introduced by European powers?

    <p>Indigenous knowledge systems and practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technological advancement did NOT arise from the scientific revolution that aided imperialism?

    <p>Electric cars for urban transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attitude did Europeans hold towards their own culture during the period of imperialism?

    <p>They considered European culture superior and the pinnacle of achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form did resistance to imperial scientific ideas often take among indigenous peoples?

    <p>Cultural preservation and alternative knowledge systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary motivation behind the exploitation of resources in colonized regions?

    <p>To support European industrialization and profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the legacy of scientific endeavors during imperialism?

    <p>They created a complex legacy affecting both colonizers and the colonized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the technological innovations from the space race?

    <p>Improvements in civilian life, including medical technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marked the beginning of the space age and changed humanity's perspective?

    <p>The launch of Sputnik</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major themes of the space race in relation to Cold War dynamics?

    <p>Scientific achievement as a symbol of ideological superiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the global perspective fostered by viewing Earth from space?

    <p>A newfound connection to global environmental responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event in 1969 symbolized a pinnacle of human space exploration?

    <p>The Apollo 11 moon landing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Neil Armstrong famously state during the Apollo 11 landing?

    <p>That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Final Cause' in Aristotle's Four Causes?

    <p>Its purpose or function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Chapter 12 indicate as a major milestone in the 20th-century technological revolution?

    <p>The widespread adoption of household appliances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Aristotle's approach to understanding nature?

    <p>He developed classifications based on direct observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following themes is associated with the impact of Sputnik on public engagement?

    <p>A surge in public interest in science and technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept introduced by Aristotle explains how objects behave without external forces?

    <p>Natural motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a key influence of Greek philosophy on later scholars?

    <p>Methods of inquiry based on observation and reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Roman Empire adapt Greek ideas of natural philosophy?

    <p>By focusing on practicality and engineering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method did Greek philosophers employ that distinctly separated them from mythology?

    <p>Skepticism towards supernatural explanations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did Greek philosophy have on medieval scholastics?

    <p>It laid groundwork for scientific and rational inquiry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a hallmark of Roman contributions to science?

    <p>Innovations in civil engineering and architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contribution of Nicolaus Copernicus to astronomy?

    <p>Introducing the heliocentric model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a key argument in Galileo Galilei's support of the Copernican model?

    <p>Telescope observations of celestial bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did Francis Bacon advocate for in scientific inquiry?

    <p>Systematic observation and experimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument was NOT mentioned as a technological advancement during the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>Thermodynamic machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Isaac Newton contribute to the field of physics?

    <p>By unifying physics through laws of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emphasis of the Scientific Method as developed during the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>Empirical observation and mathematical reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was established to support scientific collaboration in the 17th century?

    <p>The Royal Society of London</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for formulating three laws of planetary motion?

    <p>Johannes Kepler</p> Signup and view all the answers

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