Study Notes

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Questions and Answers

Explain how the body uses negative feedback to maintain a stable internal temperature when it gets too hot.

When the body gets too hot, the brain signals sweat glands to release sweat for evaporative cooling and blood vessels to vasodilate, increasing heat loss at the skin's surface. These actions lower body temperature, returning it to a normal range.

Describe how the nervous system and the endocrine system work together to respond to a stressful situation.

In a stressful situation, the nervous system triggers the adrenal glands to release adrenaline for a fight-or-flight response. Simultaneously, the hypothalamus initiates a slower hormonal response, ensuring long-term adjustments to stress.

Explain how the shape of the lens in the eye changes to focus on objects at different distances.

To focus on distant objects, ciliary muscles relax, tightening suspensory ligaments and flattening the lens. For near objects, ciliary muscles contract, loosening suspensory ligaments and thickening the lens.

A person is diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. Explain the cause of this condition and how it is typically managed.

Type 1 diabetes is caused by the pancreas not producing enough insulin. It is managed through regular insulin injections to help glucose move from the blood into cells. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the roles of FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle.

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) causes an egg to mature in the ovary, stimulating estrogen production. LH (Luteinizing Hormone) triggers the release of the egg from the ovary, initiating ovulation. Signup and view all the answers

How does the body respond when blood water levels are too low, and what hormone is involved?

When blood water levels are too low, the pituitary gland releases more ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone). ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water into the bloodstream, reducing water loss through urine. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the roles of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.

The cerebral cortex is responsible for memory, speech, and problem-solving. The cerebellum controls motor skills, balance, and coordination. The medulla oblongata manages unconscious actions like heart rate, breathing rate, and adrenaline release. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how a reflex arc differs from a normal response pathway in the nervous system and why this difference is important.

A reflex arc bypasses the brain, going directly from sensory neuron to motor neuron via the spinal cord, while a normal response involves the brain. This difference allows for faster, automatic responses to stimuli, crucial for protection. Signup and view all the answers

What are the roles of auxins in phototropism and geotropism in plants?

In phototropism, auxins gather on the shaded side of a shoot, causing it to bend toward the light. In geotropism, auxins gather on the bottom of a root, causing it to grow downward. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the steps involved in meiosis and what is its importance to variation?

Meiosis involves chromosome copying, pairing, and gene swapping, followed by two cell divisions, resulting in four haploid cells. This process generates genetic variation through gene swapping and halving the chromosome number in gametes. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Homeostasis

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord