Student Information Systems (SIS)

Questions and Answers

What is the retention period for admission records according to the University's Records Retention Schedule?

5 years

Permanent

10 years (correct)

4 years

Which of the following records has a permanent retention requirement?

Grade records (correct)

Financial aid records

Career planning and placement records

Class schedules

How long should disciplinary action records be retained after graduation?

10 years

5 years (correct)

4 years

1 year

What must be considered when selecting a storage medium for student records?

Retention requirements Signup and view all the answers

For how many years should student academic files be retained according to the retention schedule?

5 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the retention period for transcript requests?

1 year Signup and view all the answers

Which record must be transferred to the University Archives and Records Center after 2 years and retained permanently?

Class schedules Signup and view all the answers

What role does a Student Information System (SIS) serve in educational settings?

For organizing student information and operations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the key difference between Bill Inman's and Ralph Kimball's approaches to data warehousing?

Inman advocates for a top-down approach with a centralized data warehouse, while Kimball favors a bottom-up approach with decentralized data marts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using a data lake instead of a data warehouse for big data?

Data lakes can handle unstructured data, while data warehouses are primarily designed for structured data. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a data warehouse as defined by Bill Inman?

Volatile Signup and view all the answers

What is the key advantage of using a data mart over a data warehouse?

Data marts can be deployed faster than data warehouses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of a data lakehouse?

A hybrid approach combining the benefits of both data lakes and data warehouses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a data hub in the context of data warehousing and data lakes?

To facilitate the distribution and sharing of data products among different stakeholders. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between data warehouses, data marts, and data lakes?

Data marts are subsets of data warehouses, and data lakes are a separate entity. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider data retention schedules when managing data warehouses, data marts, and data lakes?

To ensure data security and compliance with regulatory requirements. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of structured data compared to unstructured data?

It can be easily searched and manipulated. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered unstructured data?

Transcripts received by mail. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of database is primarily characterized by storing data in tables?

Relational database management system (RDBMS). Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary language used to manipulate relational databases?

SQL Signup and view all the answers

What is typically used to establish relationships between tables in a relational database?

Primary keys. Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is considered semi-structured?

Web data with associated metadata. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary key in a relational database responsible for?

Maintaining unique records across all tables Signup and view all the answers

What challenges does unstructured data present to organizations?

Extracting value from it can be difficult. Signup and view all the answers

What does metadata provide in the context of structured data?

Descriptive information to aid in organizing and displaying records. Signup and view all the answers

Why might schools choose to maintain records in both electronic and physical forms?

To comply with varying regulations and guidelines. Signup and view all the answers

Which BI tool was used by Whole Foods to improve decision making?

Tableau Signup and view all the answers

What type of database does NOT use structured tables for storage?

NoSQL database Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of unstructured data compared to structured data?

It often lacks a clear organization, making it difficult to search. Signup and view all the answers

How does Cocoa-Cola utilize data from social media in their BI strategy?

To gather demographic information and marketing trends Signup and view all the answers

In what form are reports and visualizations of data often produced?

Charts and tables. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback of using non-relational databases?

Less control over consistency and data relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of data presentation allows for easy understanding of statistical distributions?

Graphical representations. Signup and view all the answers

Which process can be combined with BI tools for better data analysis in large datasets?

Data mining operations Signup and view all the answers

What role do records managers play concerning unstructured data?

They can help identify ways unstructured data is generated. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of new enterprise data is estimated to be unstructured data?

90 percent Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes semi-structured data from unstructured data?

Semi-structured data includes some organization and metadata. Signup and view all the answers

How does XML enhance the functionality of HTML documents?

XML wraps information in tags that enhance search capabilities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of big data?

Viability Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary challenge presented by the property of 'variety' in big data?

The existence of different formats and types of data. Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is primarily used for tracking products in large organizations?

Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of integrating big data techniques into existing architecture?

It provides insights from large volumes of fast-flowing data. Signup and view all the answers

What role does an Enterprise Integration Platform as a Service (iPaaS) play?

It assists with Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile application integration. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of cloud technologies in the context of big data?

Storing and processing large datasets across various applications. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects does NOT typically apply to semi-structured data?

Structured like relational databases. Signup and view all the answers

Why is HTML insufficient for querying web content?

HTML tags do not represent the data's semantics. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Active Storage Systems

Student information is stored in a student information system (SIS) or student records system (SRS) that allows immediate access and enables various functions such as admitting, advising, and registering students, recording grades, and storing student records.
The system can be accessed by multiple users simultaneously, with rules created to allow access based on roles and responsibilities.
Retention requirements must be considered when selecting a storage medium, with different retention periods for various types of records (e.g., admission records: 10 years, grade records: permanent).

Structured, Unstructured, and Semi-structured Data

Structured data refers to data that is highly organized, easily searchable, and easily mined, such as database data.
Examples of structured data include Nutrition Facts labels on product packaging and database records.
Unstructured data accounts for 90% of new enterprise data, has no well-defined model or schema, and includes forms such as emails, social media posts, and images.
Semi-structured data has some level of organization, but does not conform to a formal structure, such as HTML and XML documents.

Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS)

RDBMS store data in collections of tables (entities) with columns (properties) and rows (records).
Relations are defined between tables for cross-referencing using a primary key.
Data can be pulled from multiple tables to create a record using structured query language (SQL).

Unstructured Data

Unstructured data is a significant challenge for organizations, and business intelligence applications and technologies can be employed to gather, store, analyze, and provide access to this data.
Examples of unstructured data include emails, social media posts, text messages, business documents, and videos.

Non-relational, NoSQL Database

Non-relational NoSQL databases do not use structured tables, instead using flexible schemas for unstructured data storage.
Drawbacks of non-relational databases include less control over consistency and data relationships.

Semi-structured Data

Semi-structured data has metadata attached that describes content, such as SharePoint lists, document libraries, and project and team sites.
Examples of semi-structured data include XML documents, e-commerce transactions, and server application programming interfaces (APIs).

Big Data

Big data refers to data that is too large to process with traditional database and software techniques.
Characteristics of big data include volume, variety, velocity, veracity, value, and variability.
Organizations can incorporate big data techniques into their existing architecture, such as using radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to track products.

Data Warehouses, Marts, Lakes, Lakehouses, and Hubs

A data warehouse is a central repository of preprocessed, structured data for analytics and business intelligence.
A data mart is a smaller version of a data warehouse that serves specific business units.
A data lake is a centralized repository that allows storing all structured and unstructured data at any scale.
A data lakehouse combines big data analytics and performance metrics.
A data hub is used for controlled data-product distribution.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of student information systems, including their functionality and role in organizing student data and supporting educational operations.