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Questions and Answers
What marked the transition from the Paleolithic to the Mesolithic age?
What marked the transition from the Paleolithic to the Mesolithic age?
- Development of agriculture (correct)
- Hunting and gathering
- Use of fire
- Artistic expression
Which period is associated with major scientific and technological advances following the collapse of the Roman Empire?
Which period is associated with major scientific and technological advances following the collapse of the Roman Empire?
- Middle Age (correct)
- Bronze Age
- Iron Age
- Neolithic Age
What was one effect of the decline of science in Europe during the Middle Age?
What was one effect of the decline of science in Europe during the Middle Age?
- Expansion of scientific universities
- Use of currency replaced with barter system (correct)
- Innovation in traditional production
- Increased literacy rates
Which period emphasized the use of reason over mythology and religion?
Which period emphasized the use of reason over mythology and religion?
Which technological advancement was NOT characteristic of the Iron Age?
Which technological advancement was NOT characteristic of the Iron Age?
What was one of the primary solutions Filipino scientists provided during the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Period?
What was one of the primary solutions Filipino scientists provided during the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Period?
Who was pivotal in integrating mathematics into universities during Antiquity?
Who was pivotal in integrating mathematics into universities during Antiquity?
Which civilization is noted for developing the Academy and Lyceum during Antiquity?
Which civilization is noted for developing the Academy and Lyceum during Antiquity?
Which administration saw a 100% increase in crop production from 1946 to 1956?
Which administration saw a 100% increase in crop production from 1946 to 1956?
What negative effect resulted from the Filipinization of government during the Rehabilitation period?
What negative effect resulted from the Filipinization of government during the Rehabilitation period?
What characterizes the technological revolution during the Iron Age?
What characterizes the technological revolution during the Iron Age?
Which act extended duty-free trade during the Magsaysay Administration?
Which act extended duty-free trade during the Magsaysay Administration?
Who organized the Division of Plant Breeding during the Magsaysay Administration?
Who organized the Division of Plant Breeding during the Magsaysay Administration?
What major program did the Quirino Administration initiate for economic recovery?
What major program did the Quirino Administration initiate for economic recovery?
What contributed to rampant issues of graft and corruption in the post-war government?
What contributed to rampant issues of graft and corruption in the post-war government?
What agricultural advancement was noted in the Magsaysay Administration?
What agricultural advancement was noted in the Magsaysay Administration?
What was one of the main functions of the Bureau of Science during its early years?
What was one of the main functions of the Bureau of Science during its early years?
Which act replaced the Philippine Commission with the House of Representatives?
Which act replaced the Philippine Commission with the House of Representatives?
What major event caused further losses to the Bureau of Science, including retrenchment?
What major event caused further losses to the Bureau of Science, including retrenchment?
Which institution was established in 1908 to advance higher education in the Philippines?
Which institution was established in 1908 to advance higher education in the Philippines?
During the Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Period, who became the first president of the Independent Republic?
During the Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Period, who became the first president of the Independent Republic?
What policy was adopted by President Carlos Garcia during his administration?
What policy was adopted by President Carlos Garcia during his administration?
What significant change did the National Science Board undergo during Garcia's administration?
What significant change did the National Science Board undergo during Garcia's administration?
What was a notable achievement in agricultural research during Garcia's administration?
What was a notable achievement in agricultural research during Garcia's administration?
What economic policy did Diosdado Macapagal implement during his presidency?
What economic policy did Diosdado Macapagal implement during his presidency?
What institution was established in 1960 during the Macapagal administration?
What institution was established in 1960 during the Macapagal administration?
What was a key focus of research during the Marcos era?
What was a key focus of research during the Marcos era?
What major action did President Marcos take with Proclamation 1081?
What major action did President Marcos take with Proclamation 1081?
Which major development occurred at the UP College of Agriculture during the Marcos administration?
Which major development occurred at the UP College of Agriculture during the Marcos administration?
Which event significantly shortened the route from the Philippines to Europe during the Spanish period?
Which event significantly shortened the route from the Philippines to Europe during the Spanish period?
What was the primary focus of Spanish officials during their colonial period in the Philippines?
What was the primary focus of Spanish officials during their colonial period in the Philippines?
What was a key recommendation made by the Schurman Commission?
What was a key recommendation made by the Schurman Commission?
Which of the following civilizations is known for its development of quipu?
Which of the following civilizations is known for its development of quipu?
Who introduced the concept of zero as a placeholder in mathematics?
Who introduced the concept of zero as a placeholder in mathematics?
What major contribution did Ibn al-Haitham make to science?
What major contribution did Ibn al-Haitham make to science?
In which civilization was mandatory education a prominent feature?
In which civilization was mandatory education a prominent feature?
Which Asian mathematician is associated with the introduction of trigonometric functions?
Which Asian mathematician is associated with the introduction of trigonometric functions?
Which administration is known for the passage of the Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel?
Which administration is known for the passage of the Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel?
Which of the following acts was NOT passed during the Joseph Estrada Administration?
Which of the following acts was NOT passed during the Joseph Estrada Administration?
What characterized the Gloria Arroyo Administration regarding science and technology?
What characterized the Gloria Arroyo Administration regarding science and technology?
Which law relates to the modernization of agriculture and fisheries during the Benigno Aquino III Administration?
Which law relates to the modernization of agriculture and fisheries during the Benigno Aquino III Administration?
What is one of the key themes during the Fidel Ramos Administration?
What is one of the key themes during the Fidel Ramos Administration?
What is the primary purpose of the electronic jeepney?
What is the primary purpose of the electronic jeepney?
Which invention was created by Maria Orosa during World War II due to a shortage of tomatoes?
Which invention was created by Maria Orosa during World War II due to a shortage of tomatoes?
What unique feature distinguishes Rolando dela Cruz's mole remover?
What unique feature distinguishes Rolando dela Cruz's mole remover?
What material did del Mundo use to create a makeshift medical incubator?
What material did del Mundo use to create a makeshift medical incubator?
Who is credited with the invention of erythromycin?
Who is credited with the invention of erythromycin?
Which proclamation placed the Philippines under Martial Law?
Which proclamation placed the Philippines under Martial Law?
What agency was reorganized to become the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA)?
What agency was reorganized to become the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA)?
Which organization was created during President Corazon Aquino's administration?
Which organization was created during President Corazon Aquino's administration?
What was the purpose of the Task Force on Science and Technology Development created in 1989?
What was the purpose of the Task Force on Science and Technology Development created in 1989?
Which organization was mandated to formulate a comprehensive National Plan for Science and Technology?
Which organization was mandated to formulate a comprehensive National Plan for Science and Technology?
During which years did Martial Law in the Philippines take place?
During which years did Martial Law in the Philippines take place?
Which agency was responsible for agricultural research during the Marcos era?
Which agency was responsible for agricultural research during the Marcos era?
What significant restructuring occurred after the lifting of Martial Law?
What significant restructuring occurred after the lifting of Martial Law?
What was the primary contribution of Nicholas Copernicus to the scientific community?
What was the primary contribution of Nicholas Copernicus to the scientific community?
Which scientific principle was introduced by Galileo?
Which scientific principle was introduced by Galileo?
What was a controversial work published by Charles Darwin?
What was a controversial work published by Charles Darwin?
What was the initial response of the Catholic Church to the Copernican model?
What was the initial response of the Catholic Church to the Copernican model?
What significant advancement did the Maya civilization contribute in terms of mathematics?
What significant advancement did the Maya civilization contribute in terms of mathematics?
What aspect of society did the Industrial Revolution notably affect?
What aspect of society did the Industrial Revolution notably affect?
Which model suggests that the Earth is at the center of the universe?
Which model suggests that the Earth is at the center of the universe?
What did the publication of Copernicus' theory initiate?
What did the publication of Copernicus' theory initiate?
Which law was focused on the modernization of the Philippine weather agency?
Which law was focused on the modernization of the Philippine weather agency?
Who was awarded the Order of National Scientist for contributions in agriculture during Rodrigo Duterte's administration?
Who was awarded the Order of National Scientist for contributions in agriculture during Rodrigo Duterte's administration?
What is one of the primary objectives of science education in schools?
What is one of the primary objectives of science education in schools?
What innovative vehicle was introduced as a response to air pollution caused by traditional jeepneys?
What innovative vehicle was introduced as a response to air pollution caused by traditional jeepneys?
Which act is associated with the development of programs to attract scientists back to the Philippines?
Which act is associated with the development of programs to attract scientists back to the Philippines?
Study Notes
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Period (1945-1948)
- Filipino scientists tackled food and fuel shortages, and public health issues post World War II.
- Innovations included converting coconut oil into ethyl alcohol and fermenting cassava.
- Emphasis on using indigenous materials and recycling food for animal feed.
- Gradual Filipinization of government led to inefficiencies and corruption, impacting scientific development.
- The Bureau of Science faced budget constraints, limiting research initiatives.
Quirino Administration (1948-1953)
- President Elpidio Quirino sought U.S. aid, resulting in the Bell Mission and $250 million in funding.
- The Institute of Science was restructured and renamed as the Institute of Science and Technology.
- Significant increase in crop production (100% from 1946-1956) supported by improved livestock and timber demand.
Magsaysay Administration (1953-1957)
- President Ramon Magsaysay committed to rural upliftment through land reform and infrastructural development.
- Introduced technical advice for farmers and extended duty-free trade under the Bell Trade Act.
- Significant scientific activity peaked in 1956, with RA No. 1237 offering privileges to scientists and inventors.
- Establishment of the Philippine Seed Board and the National Rice and Corn Cooperative Movement Program.
Garcia Administration (1957-1961)
- President Carlos Garcia adopted the "Filipino First Policy" promoting local industry and research.
- The National Science Development Board (NSDB) was elevated, enhancing scientific research capability.
- 1959 recognized as the "crop year" due to significant agricultural improvements despite drought challenges.
Macapagal Administration (1961-1965)
- President Diosdado Macapagal lifted foreign exchange controls, affecting local business competition.
- NSDB given broader research mandates with the establishment of the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).
- Formation of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in 1960 emphasized agricultural research.
Marcos Era (1965-1986)
- President Ferdinand Marcos emphasized rural and economic development through Proclamation 1081.
- Reorganization of government agencies focused on science and technology.
- Creation of multiple research institutions: Philippine Council for Agricultural Research, National Academy of Science and Technology, and others.
- Proclamation 2045 ended Martial Law, leading to the reestablishment of comprehensive science and technology plans under the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA).
Post-EDSA Revolution (1986-Present)
- Under President Corazon Aquino, reforms addressed economic crises and reorganized the NSTA into the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).
- Fidel Ramos championed science as a pathway to a newly industrialized nation, leading to the Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel.
- Multiple laws passed relating to clean air, electronic commerce, and agricultural mechanization during successive administrations.
Famous Filipino Inventions
- Electronic Jeepney (e-jeep): A modern eco-friendly alternative to traditional jeepneys, addressing air pollution.
- Erythromycin: An antibiotic discovered by Abelardo Aguilar from Streptomyces erythreus but not credited appropriately.
- Mole Remover: Rolando dela Cruz developed a non-invasive solution using cashew nut extracts.
- Banana Ketchup: Maria Orosa's invention during wartime shortages used available ingredients to create a new condiment.
- Medical Incubator: Dr. Fe del Mundo designed a bamboo incubator in 1941 for rural communities lacking electricity.
Science Education Initiatives
- Development of a "science culture" emphasized through institutions like the Philippine Science High School System and Regional Science High Schools.
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Description
Explore the significant contributions of Filipino scientists during the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Period from 1945 to 1948. This quiz highlights innovative solutions addressing food and fuel shortages, as well as the impact of Filipinization on scientific development in the country.
