STS 10 Materials - Rehabilitation Period

Questions and Answers

What marked the transition from the Paleolithic to the Mesolithic age?

Development of agriculture (correct)

Hunting and gathering

Use of fire

Artistic expression

Which period is associated with major scientific and technological advances following the collapse of the Roman Empire?

Middle Age (correct)

Bronze Age

Iron Age

Neolithic Age

What was one effect of the decline of science in Europe during the Middle Age?

Expansion of scientific universities

Use of currency replaced with barter system (correct)

Innovation in traditional production

Increased literacy rates

Which period emphasized the use of reason over mythology and religion?

Antiquity Signup and view all the answers

Which technological advancement was NOT characteristic of the Iron Age?

Use of stone tools Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary solutions Filipino scientists provided during the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Period?

Conversion of coconut oil into ethyl alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Who was pivotal in integrating mathematics into universities during Antiquity?

Leonardo da Vinci Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization is noted for developing the Academy and Lyceum during Antiquity?

Greek Civilization Signup and view all the answers

Which administration saw a 100% increase in crop production from 1946 to 1956?

Quirino Administration Signup and view all the answers

What negative effect resulted from the Filipinization of government during the Rehabilitation period?

Loss of records and understanding of roles Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the technological revolution during the Iron Age?

Advances in metal tools and weapons Signup and view all the answers

Which act extended duty-free trade during the Magsaysay Administration?

Bell Trade Act Signup and view all the answers

Who organized the Division of Plant Breeding during the Magsaysay Administration?

Dioscoro Umali Signup and view all the answers

What major program did the Quirino Administration initiate for economic recovery?

Bell Mission Signup and view all the answers

What contributed to rampant issues of graft and corruption in the post-war government?

Inexperienced and unqualified officials Signup and view all the answers

What agricultural advancement was noted in the Magsaysay Administration?

Introduction of modern poultry techniques Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main functions of the Bureau of Science during its early years?

Researching public health and nutrition Signup and view all the answers

Which act replaced the Philippine Commission with the House of Representatives?

Jones Law Signup and view all the answers

What major event caused further losses to the Bureau of Science, including retrenchment?

World Recession Signup and view all the answers

Which institution was established in 1908 to advance higher education in the Philippines?

University of the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

During the Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Period, who became the first president of the Independent Republic?

Manuel Roxas Signup and view all the answers

What policy was adopted by President Carlos Garcia during his administration?

Filipino First Policy Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the National Science Board undergo during Garcia's administration?

It was replaced by the National Science Development Board. Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable achievement in agricultural research during Garcia's administration?

Increased production despite drought. Signup and view all the answers

What economic policy did Diosdado Macapagal implement during his presidency?

Full decontrol program lifting government foreign exchange controls Signup and view all the answers

What institution was established in 1960 during the Macapagal administration?

International Rice Research Institute Signup and view all the answers

What was a key focus of research during the Marcos era?

Basic necessities and import substitutes Signup and view all the answers

What major action did President Marcos take with Proclamation 1081?

Placed the Philippines under Martial Law Signup and view all the answers

Which major development occurred at the UP College of Agriculture during the Marcos administration?

Rapid development of facilities and academic programs Signup and view all the answers

Which event significantly shortened the route from the Philippines to Europe during the Spanish period?

Opening of the Suez Canal Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Spanish officials during their colonial period in the Philippines?

Galleon trade profits Signup and view all the answers

What was a key recommendation made by the Schurman Commission?

Establishment of a free public education system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following civilizations is known for its development of quipu?

Inca Civilization Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the concept of zero as a placeholder in mathematics?

Brahmagupta Signup and view all the answers

What major contribution did Ibn al-Haitham make to science?

Principles of optics Signup and view all the answers

In which civilization was mandatory education a prominent feature?

Aztec Civilization Signup and view all the answers

Which Asian mathematician is associated with the introduction of trigonometric functions?

Aryabhata Signup and view all the answers

Which administration is known for the passage of the Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel?

Fidel Ramos Administration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts was NOT passed during the Joseph Estrada Administration?

Republic Act 10601 Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Gloria Arroyo Administration regarding science and technology?

Labelled as the 'golden age' of science and technology Signup and view all the answers

Which law relates to the modernization of agriculture and fisheries during the Benigno Aquino III Administration?

Republic Act 10601 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key themes during the Fidel Ramos Administration?

Science and technology as a means to industrialization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the electronic jeepney?

To reduce air pollution from traditional jeepneys Signup and view all the answers

Which invention was created by Maria Orosa during World War II due to a shortage of tomatoes?

Banana ketchup Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature distinguishes Rolando dela Cruz's mole remover?

It uses extracts of cashew nuts Signup and view all the answers

What material did del Mundo use to create a makeshift medical incubator?

Bamboo and laundry baskets Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the invention of erythromycin?

Abelardo Aguilar Signup and view all the answers

Which proclamation placed the Philippines under Martial Law?

Proclamation 1081 Signup and view all the answers

What agency was reorganized to become the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA)?

National Science Development Board (NSDB) Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was created during President Corazon Aquino's administration?

Philippine Commission on Good Government (PCGG) Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Task Force on Science and Technology Development created in 1989?

Identify S&T areas for NIC status Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was mandated to formulate a comprehensive National Plan for Science and Technology?

National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) Signup and view all the answers

During which years did Martial Law in the Philippines take place?

1972-1982 Signup and view all the answers

Which agency was responsible for agricultural research during the Marcos era?

Philippine Council for Agricultural Research (PCAR) Signup and view all the answers

What significant restructuring occurred after the lifting of Martial Law?

Transformation of NSDB to NSTA Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary contribution of Nicholas Copernicus to the scientific community?

He introduced the Heliocentric model. Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific principle was introduced by Galileo?

The importance of experimentation. Signup and view all the answers

What was a controversial work published by Charles Darwin?

The Descent of Man. Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial response of the Catholic Church to the Copernican model?

They banned its teachings. Signup and view all the answers

What significant advancement did the Maya civilization contribute in terms of mathematics?

Creation of a number system. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of society did the Industrial Revolution notably affect?

Technological advancements. Signup and view all the answers

Which model suggests that the Earth is at the center of the universe?

Geocentric model. Signup and view all the answers

What did the publication of Copernicus' theory initiate?

The Copernican Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Which law was focused on the modernization of the Philippine weather agency?

Republic Act 10692 Signup and view all the answers

Who was awarded the Order of National Scientist for contributions in agriculture during Rodrigo Duterte's administration?

Emil Q. Javier Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary objectives of science education in schools?

To develop a 'science culture' Signup and view all the answers

What innovative vehicle was introduced as a response to air pollution caused by traditional jeepneys?

Electronic Jeepney (e-jeep) Signup and view all the answers

Which act is associated with the development of programs to attract scientists back to the Philippines?

Republic Act 11035 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Period (1945-1948)

Filipino scientists tackled food and fuel shortages, and public health issues post World War II.
Innovations included converting coconut oil into ethyl alcohol and fermenting cassava.
Emphasis on using indigenous materials and recycling food for animal feed.
Gradual Filipinization of government led to inefficiencies and corruption, impacting scientific development.
The Bureau of Science faced budget constraints, limiting research initiatives.

Quirino Administration (1948-1953)

President Elpidio Quirino sought U.S. aid, resulting in the Bell Mission and $250 million in funding.
The Institute of Science was restructured and renamed as the Institute of Science and Technology.
Significant increase in crop production (100% from 1946-1956) supported by improved livestock and timber demand.

Magsaysay Administration (1953-1957)

President Ramon Magsaysay committed to rural upliftment through land reform and infrastructural development.
Introduced technical advice for farmers and extended duty-free trade under the Bell Trade Act.
Significant scientific activity peaked in 1956, with RA No. 1237 offering privileges to scientists and inventors.
Establishment of the Philippine Seed Board and the National Rice and Corn Cooperative Movement Program.

Garcia Administration (1957-1961)

President Carlos Garcia adopted the "Filipino First Policy" promoting local industry and research.
The National Science Development Board (NSDB) was elevated, enhancing scientific research capability.
1959 recognized as the "crop year" due to significant agricultural improvements despite drought challenges.

Macapagal Administration (1961-1965)

President Diosdado Macapagal lifted foreign exchange controls, affecting local business competition.
NSDB given broader research mandates with the establishment of the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).
Formation of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in 1960 emphasized agricultural research.

Marcos Era (1965-1986)

President Ferdinand Marcos emphasized rural and economic development through Proclamation 1081.
Reorganization of government agencies focused on science and technology.
Creation of multiple research institutions: Philippine Council for Agricultural Research, National Academy of Science and Technology, and others.
Proclamation 2045 ended Martial Law, leading to the reestablishment of comprehensive science and technology plans under the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA).

Post-EDSA Revolution (1986-Present)

Under President Corazon Aquino, reforms addressed economic crises and reorganized the NSTA into the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).
Fidel Ramos championed science as a pathway to a newly industrialized nation, leading to the Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel.
Multiple laws passed relating to clean air, electronic commerce, and agricultural mechanization during successive administrations.

Famous Filipino Inventions

Electronic Jeepney (e-jeep): A modern eco-friendly alternative to traditional jeepneys, addressing air pollution.
Erythromycin: An antibiotic discovered by Abelardo Aguilar from Streptomyces erythreus but not credited appropriately.
Mole Remover: Rolando dela Cruz developed a non-invasive solution using cashew nut extracts.
Banana Ketchup: Maria Orosa's invention during wartime shortages used available ingredients to create a new condiment.
Medical Incubator: Dr. Fe del Mundo designed a bamboo incubator in 1941 for rural communities lacking electricity.

Science Education Initiatives

Development of a "science culture" emphasized through institutions like the Philippine Science High School System and Regional Science High Schools.

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Description

Explore the significant contributions of Filipino scientists during the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Period from 1945 to 1948. This quiz highlights innovative solutions addressing food and fuel shortages, as well as the impact of Filipinization on scientific development in the country.