Struggle for Freedom in India (1905-1922)

Study Notes

Struggle for Freedom in India (1905-1922)

During this pivotal period between 1905 and 1922, the people of British India challenged their colonial rule with unwavering determination, driven by dreams of self-governance and social reform. This article will delve into significant events within these two decades – partition of Bengal, non-cooperation movement, civil disobedience movement, the infamous tragedy of Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and ultimately, the Quit India Movement – anchoring our understanding in historical facts.

Partition of Bengal (1905)

The first notable event was Lord Curzon's decision to divide Bengal, splitting Muslim populated districts from predominantly Hindu ones. This move aimed to consolidate power over diverse regions favorably, weakening Bengali nationalism and potentially dividing Indian opposition against the Raj. However, it catalyzed widespread resentment among Indians, who protested vigorously.

Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922)

Sparked by Gandhi’s return from South Africa, the non-violent non-cooperation campaign urged Indians to abstain from working in government institutions, refusing titles, boycotting foreign goods, and organizing civil disobedience through peaceful protests. Its success inspired millions across the country despite setbacks such as the Chauri Chaura incident when police were killed during demonstrations.

Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–1934)

Built upon the momentum gained by the previous movement, the Civil Disobedience campaign saw thousands defying British rule, burning salt deposits (a highly symbolic gesture), and challenging customs laws enacted under the Rowlatt Act. While some prominent leaders like Gandhi faced imprisonment, their incarceration only further galvanized support for independence.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13th, 1919)

This brutal act marked one of the darkest hours in India's fight for freedom when General Dyer opened fire without warning on a large crowd gathered peacefully in Amritsar's Jallianwala Bagh garden. Over 400 died instantly, while many more would perish later due to wounds sustained. Despite outrage worldwide, the British refused to take any responsibility for the tragedy.

Quit India Movement (August 8th, 1942)

A rallying cry echoed throughout the entire nation, this massive movement, led by Congress leaders, demanded immediate British withdrawal from India. Strikes, protests, sabotage operations, and even armed revolts characterized the Quit India Movement, which eventually drew thousands to its cause. The suppression of this campaign resulted in arresting all major political leaders, leaving young activists to lead the charge towards Independence.

These events shaped modern India's history and continue to inspire generations to learn from past struggles and triumphs alike. As we reflect on those turbulent times, let us remember how bravery, resilience, and unity can overcome tyranny and pave the pathway to progress.

Description

Delve into the pivotal period between 1905 and 1922 in British India, exploring significant events like the partition of Bengal, non-cooperation movement, civil disobedience movement, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and Quit India Movement. Learn about the challenges faced by Indians in their fight for self-governance and social reform.

Struggle for Freedom in India (1905-1922)

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Questions and Answers

What was the main objective behind Lord Curzon's decision to partition Bengal in 1905?

During the Non-Cooperation Movement, what action did Gandhi urge Indians to take as a form of protest?

Which tragic incident occurred during the Non-Cooperation Movement that led to setbacks for the movement?

What was the major event that sparked the Non-Cooperation Movement in India between 1920-1922?

Which movement was launched as a response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in India?

What was the primary goal of the Quit India Movement?

What was the main demand of the Quit India Movement?

Which event resulted in the immediate arrest of major political leaders during the Indian freedom struggle?

What symbolic gesture was performed during the Civil Disobedience Movement as a form of defiance against British rule?

Which movement saw General Dyer open fire on a peaceful gathering in Amritsar's Jallianwala Bagh garden?

What was a key characteristic of the Quit India Movement in its quest for independence?

How did the incarceration of prominent leaders during the Civil Disobedience Movement affect the movement's momentum?

Study Notes