15 Questions
Who designed bridges and viaducts for different projects in France?
Gustave Eiffel
What was the main component in buildings, railroads, and shipping during the Industrial Revolution?
Steel
What did William Morris design patterns for?
Textiles
How did Gustave Eiffel support his tower's construction?
By having steel manufactured with steam power
What enabled mass production of goods and materials during the Industrial Revolution?
Extensive manufacturing facilities and abundance of coal and power
What did private citizens start doing to support the arts during this time?
They also started supporting the arts financially
What did engineers design a preliminary concept for in France?
A tower
Who endorsed the plan for the Eiffel Tower and acquired the patents and design rights?
Gustave Eiffel
What did critics fear about the Eiffel Tower's design?
It would overshadow Parisian landmarks
What did Eiffel compare the tower to when defending it?
The grandeur of the pyramids in Egypt
What did the Eiffel Tower symbolize during its construction?
Progress and prosperity during the industrial revolution
How much iron was used to build the completed Eiffel Tower in order to withstand wind forces?
7000
When was the Eiffel Tower surpassed as the world's tallest structure?
1930 when the Chrysler Building was built
What was Rodin's first government commission inspired by?
The Divine Comedy
How many castings of 'The Burghers of Calais' have been made?
12
Study Notes
Eiffel and the Eiffel Tower
- Eiffel endorsed the plan for the Eiffel Tower and acquired the patents and design rights
- Critics objected to the tower's design, fearing it would overshadow Parisian landmarks
- Eiffel defended the tower, comparing it to the grandeur of the pyramids in Egypt
- The tower was built during the industrial revolution, symbolizing progress and prosperity
- Over 5,000 drawings were made for the tower, with more than 100 workers involved in its construction
- The completed tower used over 7,000 tons of iron to withstand wind forces
- The tower was the world's tallest structure until 1930 when the Chrysler Building was built
- Auguste Rodin, influenced by Michelangelo, created realistic and emotional sculptures
- Rodin's first government commission was "The Gates of Hell," inspired by the Divine Comedy
- Rodin's "The Thinker" was originally part of "The Gates of Hell"
- Rodin's "The Burghers of Calais" depicted the agony of six men and was installed on a pedestal against the artist's wishes
- Twelve castings of "The Burghers of Calais" have been made, including one at Stanford University
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