Structure Programming Lecture 2
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Questions and Answers

What will the output be if the variable age is set to 20 in the following code: if age >= 18: print('You are an adult.'); else: print('You are a minor.')?

  • Invalid input.
  • You are an adult. (correct)
  • Age is undefined.
  • You are a minor.

    • In the provided elif statement example, what will be printed if the variable grade is set to 70?

  • Good
  • Excellent
  • Average
  • Needs Improvement (correct)

    • What is the primary purpose of the else statement in a conditional structure?

  • To terminate the program.
  • To execute code when previous conditions are false. (correct)
  • To define a function.
  • To check for additional conditions.

    • If the condition in an if statement evaluates to False, which statement will be executed next?

    <p>The elif statement, if present. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of flowcharting versus programming code, what is primarily being compared?

    <p>Visualization of processes versus implementation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does decision making in programming primarily involve?

    <p>Choosing different paths based on conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symbol in a flowchart typically represents a decision point?

    <p>Diamond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Python statement is used to handle alternative paths in decision-making?

    <p>else (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a simple flowchart for a rollercoaster height check, what is the first action represented?

    <p>Start the check (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the following Python code output if age is set to 17?

    if age >= 18: print('You are an adult.')

    <p>No output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using the if-else structure, what happens when the if condition is True?

    <p>The code within the if block is executed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of flowchart arrows?

    <p>To indicate the flow direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a flowchart?

    <p>Error Handling (Hexagon) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What does the else statement do?

    An else statement provides an alternative action to be executed if the condition in the preceding if statement is False.

    What's the purpose of the elif statement?

    The elif statement allows you to check multiple conditions sequentially. It only executes if the previous if or elif conditions are False.

    What is a flowchart?

    A flowchart is a visual representation of a program's flow using symbols and arrows. It helps to visualize the steps and decision points in a program.

    What does an if statement do?

    The if statement executes code only if the condition is True.

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    What is the purpose of the 'else' statement in Python?

    The else statement in Python provides an alternative path if the if condition is False. The code within the else block will execute only if the preceding if condition evaluates to False.

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    Decision Making in Programming

    Decision making in programming is about choosing different paths in a program based on specific conditions. This allows programs to respond dynamically to different inputs and situations.

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    Conditional Statements

    Conditional statements are a fundamental part of programming. They allow programs to make decisions by evaluating conditions (True or False), and execute corresponding code blocks accordingly.

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    Flowcharts

    Flowcharts visually represent the steps and logic of a program. They use symbols to depict different actions and decisions.

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    Oval Symbol in Flowcharts

    The Oval symbol in flowcharts signifies the starting or ending point of a program's execution.

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    Diamond Symbol in Flowcharts

    The Diamond symbol in flowcharts represents a decision point where the program evaluates a condition and chooses a path based on the outcome.

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    Rectangle Symbol in Flowcharts

    The Rectangle symbol in flowcharts represents a specific action or step that needs to be executed within a program.

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    Arrows in Flowcharts

    Arrows in flowcharts indicate the direction of flow, showing the order in which actions and decisions are executed.

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    The 'If' Statement in Python

    The 'if' statement in Python evaluates a condition. If the condition is True, the code block within the 'if' statement is executed. Otherwise, the code block is skipped.

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    Study Notes

    Structure Programming

    • Course taught by Dr. Safa Elaskary and Dr. Manar Elshazly
    • Semester: Fall 2024-2025

    Variables and Data Types

    • Variables have associated data types
    • Integer type: whole numbers (e.g., 124)
    • Float type: numbers with decimal points (e.g., 124.56)
    • String type: text (e.g., "Hello world")
    • Boolean type: True or False (used in conditional statements)

    Arithmetic Operators

    • Symbol | Task Performed | Example | Result
    • --|---|---|---
    • | Addition | 4 + 3 | 7
    • | Subtraction | 4 - 3 | 1 / | Division | 7 / 2 | 3.5 % | Modulo | 7 % 2 | 1 * | Multiplication | 4 * 3 | 12 // | Floor division | 7 // 2 | 3 ** | Exponentiation | 7 ** 2 | 49

    Comparator Operators

    • Operator | Description
    • --|---| == | True if x and y are equal != | True if x and y are not equal < | True if x is less than y

    | True if x is greater than y <= | True if x is less than or equal to y = | True if x is greater than or equal to y

    Lecture 2: Decision Making (If-Else Statements)

    • Decision making in programming involves choosing different paths based on conditions.
    • Conditional statements guide a program's flow, allowing it to make decisions and run specific code blocks based on whether conditions are True or False.

    Flowchart Symbols

    • Oval: Represents the start or end of a process
    • Diamond: Represents a decision point (e.g., True/False or Yes/No)
    • Rectangle: Represents actions or steps to be executed
    • Arrows: Indicate the flow direction between steps

    Python Conditional Statements (if, else, elif)

    • if, else, and elif statements are used to manage decision-making within Python code.
    • These statements evaluate specific conditions and execute the corresponding code blocks based on whether the conditions are True or False.

    Simple Flowchart Example (Rollercoaster)

    • Flowchart for determining coaster access based on height
    • Input: Height
    • Decision: Is height greater than or equal to 120 cm?
    • Decision Outcomes:
      • Yes: Allow to ride
      • No: Deny access

    The if Statement

    • if condition:
    • This statement executes a block of code if the condition is True.

    The else Statement

    • else:
    • Executes an alternative code block if the if condition is False.

    The elif Statement

    • elif condition:
    • Tests multiple conditions sequentially; executes the code block corresponding to the first True condition.

    if, elif, else Example (Grade Evaluation)

    • Program evaluates a student's grade and prints a corresponding message based on defined conditions.

    Flowchart vs Code Example (Grade Evaluation)

    • Translation of flowchart steps into Python code to evaluate and categorize student grades.

    Example Python if...else Statement (Positive/Negative Input)

    • Demonstrates basic use of if and else to check for positive or negative integer input.

    Example Python if...elif...else Statement (Number Classification)

    • Demonstrates branching logic to classify numbers as positive, negative, or zero.

    Examples of if, elif, else statements with various conditions

    • Demonstrates practical applications such as verifying if the value matches a particular condition, comparing values etc

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    Related Documents

    Lecture 2 Decision Making If-Else Statements Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts from Lecture 2 of the Structure Programming course, focusing on variables, data types, arithmetic operators, and comparator operators. It’s essential for understanding decision-making in programming. Prepare to test your knowledge on these foundational topics.

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