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Questions and Answers
The mass number of an atom is calculated by adding the number of protons to the number of electrons.
False
Electrons in the outermost shell can hold more than eighteen electrons in a stable state.
False
The first shell of an atom, also known as the K shell, can hold a maximum of two electrons.
True
Helium has a total of four electrons in its electron configuration.
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The third shell in an atom can fill completely with fifteen electrons before becoming stable.
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Boron has two electrons in its first shell and three in its second shell.
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The number of first shell electrons for Sodium is two.
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The atomic configuration of Carbon shows four electrons in the third shell.
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The mass of an atom is primarily determined by the number of neutrons it contains.
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Fluorine has a total of nine protons and a maximum of seven electrons in its second shell.
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Study Notes
Mass Number
- Protons and neutrons share a similar mass, while electrons have negligible mass.
- The mass number, which indicates an atom's mass, is calculated as the sum of protons and neutrons.
- Formula: Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons.
Arrangement of Electrons
- The Bohr and Rutherford models outline electron layering around the nucleus in shells.
- Electrons fill shells from the innermost to the outermost, optimizing proximity to the nucleus.
- The K shell (first shell) can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons.
- The L shell (second shell) has a maximum capacity of 8 electrons.
- The M shell (third shell) can hold up to 18 electrons but stabilizes at 8.
Electron Configuration of the First 18 Elements
- Hydrogen (H) - Atomic number 1: 1 electron in the K shell.
- Helium (He) - Atomic number 2: Fully occupies K shell (2 electrons).
- Lithium (Li) - Atomic number 3: 2 electrons in K shell, 1 in L shell.
- Beryllium (Be) - Atomic number 4: 2 in K shell, 2 in L shell.
- Boron (B) - Atomic number 5: 2 in K shell, 3 in L shell.
- Carbon (C) - Atomic number 6: 2 in K shell, 4 in L shell.
- Nitrogen (N) - Atomic number 7: 2 in K shell, 5 in L shell.
- Oxygen (O) - Atomic number 8: 2 in K shell, 6 in L shell.
- Fluorine (F) - Atomic number 9: 2 in K shell, 7 in L shell.
- Neon (Ne) - Atomic number 10: Full K shell with 2 and full L shell with 8.
- Sodium (Na) - Atomic number 11: 2 in K shell, 8 in L shell, and 1 in M shell.
- Magnesium (Mg) - Atomic number 12: 2 in K shell, 8 in L shell, and 2 in M shell.
- Aluminium (Al) - Atomic number 13: 2 in K shell, 8 in L shell, and 3 in M shell.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of an atom with this quiz, focusing on concepts such as mass number and electron arrangement. Dive into the foundational theories established by Bohr and Rutherford regarding atomic structure.
