Structure of an Atom
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Questions and Answers

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the overall positive charge of the nucleus?

  • Atoms
  • Protons (correct)
  • Electrons
  • Neutrons

    • What is the approximate ratio of the mass of a proton to the mass of an electron?

  • 100:1
  • 2000:1 (correct)
  • 1000:1
  • 1:1

    • The radius of an atom is typically measured from:

  • The center of the nucleus to the outermost electron shell (correct)
  • The surface of the nucleus to the nearest electron shell
  • The center of the nucleus to the nearest electron shell
  • The surface of the nucleus to the outermost electron shell

    • Why do electrons orbit the nucleus?

    <p>Electrostatic attraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the energy level of an electron?

    <p>Its distance from the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about electron shells is TRUE?

    <p>Each electron shell represents a distinct energy level for electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best analogy for the structure of an atom?

    <p>A solar system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the quantization of energy levels mean for electrons?

    <p>Electrons can jump between specific energy levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In comparison to the size of the entire atom, the nucleus is:

    <p>Significantly smaller (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force responsible for holding the nucleus together?

    <p>Nuclear force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Atom

    The smallest unit of matter, made of a nucleus and electrons.

    Nucleus

    The center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

    Proton

    A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus.

    Neutron

    A subatomic particle with no charge, located in the nucleus.

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    Electron

    A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus.

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    Electrostatic attraction

    The force that attracts electrons to the nucleus due to opposite charges.

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    Mass of an atom

    Most of an atom's mass comes from the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons.

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    Electron shells

    Regions around the nucleus where electrons reside at specific energy levels.

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    Energy levels

    Quantized levels that electrons can occupy based on their distance from the nucleus.

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    Radius of an atom

    Measured from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell, about 10^-10 meters.

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    Study Notes

    Structure of an Atom

    • Atoms are tiny particles too small to be seen with the naked eye. They consist of even smaller particles called subatomic particles.
    • Atoms are made up of a central nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons.
    • The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, and neutrons have no charge. This makes the nucleus overall positively charged.
    • Electrons have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus due to electrostatic attraction.
    • The arrangement of these particles is similar to planets orbiting the sun, with the nucleus acting like the sun and the electrons acting like the planets.

    Mass and Size of an Atom

    • Protons and neutrons have roughly the same mass, while electrons are significantly lighter (2,000 times lighter).
    • The majority of an atom's mass is concentrated in its nucleus, containing the protons and neutrons.
    • The radius of an atom is measured from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron shell, typically around 10^-10 meters.
    • The nucleus is much smaller than the entire atom, even though it contains most of the mass. It's like comparing a sports arena to a single "p" in the middle of the arena.

    Electron Shells and Energy Levels

    • Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific shells or orbitals, each representing a distinct energy level.
    • Electrons closer to the nucleus have lower energy levels, while those farther away have higher energy levels.
    • This is similar to planets orbiting the sun, but electrons can only occupy specific orbits with specific energy levels.
    • The energy levels are quantized, meaning electrons can only exist at specific energy levels determined by their distance from the nucleus.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of atomic structure, including the components of an atom such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Explore how these particles interact and the overall structure of an atom, likening it to a solar system. Enhance your understanding of mass, size, and charge within atomic theory.

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