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What is responsible for the basophilia of cartilage matrix?
What is the primary component of tendon?
What type of collagen is laid down by a tendon following injury?
What is the function of proteoglycans in cartilage?
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What type of cartilage has elastic fibers and is flexible?
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What is the characteristic of fibrocartilage?
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What is the role of chondrocytes in cartilage?
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What is the function of the inner layer of cartilage?
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What is the primary function of perichondrium in mature cartilage?
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What is the main characteristic of elastic cartilage?
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What is the composition of the matrix in cartilage?
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What is the role of chondrocytes in cartilage?
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What is the characteristic of fibrocartilage?
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What is the function of chondroblasts in cartilage development?
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What is the location of hyaline cartilage?
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What is the role of fibrocytes in cartilage?
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What is the main function of cartilage in the body?
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What are the three types of cartilage?
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What is the function of the perichondrium?
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What is the composition of the cartilage matrix?
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What is the main characteristic of fibrocartilage?
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What is the role of chondrocytes in cartilage?
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What is the origin of the skeletal system?
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What type of fibers are abundant in elastic cartilage?
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What type of cells are present in fibrocartilage?
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What is the main function of perichondrium?
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What is a characteristic of fibrocartilage?
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In which location can elastic cartilage be found?
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What is the difference between chondrocytes and fibrocytes?
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What is the composition of the cartilage matrix in elastic cartilage?
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What is a characteristic of the perichondrium?
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Which type of cartilage is characterized by the presence of elastic fibers, allowing it to stretch and flex?
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What is the main function of chondrocytes in cartilage?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of fibrocartilage?
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What is the function of the perichondrium?
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What is the main component of the cartilage matrix?
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What is the function of Type A synoviocytes?
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What is the function of the synovial membrane?
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What is the characteristic of articular cartilage that allows it to withstand mechanical stress?
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Study Notes
Cartilage Structure and Function
- Cartilage is a type of connective tissue characterized by the absence of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves in adults (although young animals have blood vessels in growing cartilage)
- Supports soft tissues (e.g., ear, eyelid, trachea, and bronchi) and is essential for longitudinal bone growth through endochondral ossification
- Composed of chondrocytes embedded in an amorphous gel-like substance and connective tissue fibers, making it resilient
Chondrogenesis
- Embryonic mesenchyme gives rise to chondroblasts, which produce cartilage matrix
- Chondroblasts differentiate into chondrocytes, which are embedded in lacunae within the cartilage matrix
- Cartilage growth occurs through the multiplication of chondrocytes and the production of cartilage matrix
Types of Cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage: most common type, found in joints, growth plates, and respiratory tree
- Locations: joints, growth plates, ribs, physes, nose, larynx, tracheal rings, and bronchi
- Elastic cartilage: found in the epiglottis, corniculate and cuneiform processes of the arytenoid cartilage, external auditory canal, and ear pinna
- Fibrocartilage: found in intervertebral discs, menisci, insertions of tendons and ligaments, mandibular symphysis, and pubic symphysis
- Lacks perichondrium, thus does not have regenerative capacity
Cartilage Matrix
- Composed of collagen, elastic fibers, and proteoglycans (GAGs)
- GAGs are responsible for the basophilia of cartilage matrix
- Matrix near chondrocytes (territorial) is more basophilic due to the greater amount of GAGs
Tendons and Ligaments
- Tendons: connect muscles to bones, composed of parallel bundles of type I collagen fibers, 1-5% proteoglycans, and 2% elastin
- Ligaments: connect bones to bones, provide stability to joints
Joints
- Composed of articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid
- Articular cartilage: smooth surface, formed by type II collagen and proteoglycans, lacks blood vessels and nerves
- Synovial membrane: thin membrane with many villi, lined by specialized cells (synoviocytes - type A and type B)
- Synovial fluid: clear, viscous, colorless or slightly yellow fluid produced by synoviocytes, functions as a lubricant, protectant, and nutrient to joints
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Description
This quiz covers the characteristics of cartilage, including its composition, functions, and properties. It also explores the perichondrium and its role in cartilage development.
