Structural Steel Properties and Design Standards

A structural steel used for dynamically loaded structures, typically fabricated by welding, and intended for use in situations where high fatigue resistance and restraint are required (e.g., crane gantry girders, bridges).

A variation of St 42-W steel that includes copper for enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance.

A class of steels characterized by higher strength and often enhanced resistance to corrosion, achieved through the addition of small amounts of alloying elements.

A high tensile steel intended for use in structures where welding is the primary fabrication method (e.g., bridges).

A series of weldable structural steels with varying strength levels. They are identified by codes like Fe 440 (HT1 and HT2), Fe 540 (HT, HTA, HTB), Fe 570 HT, Fe 590 HT, and Fe 640 HT.

The process of creating steel in the form of ingots, which are then shaped into various structural components.

Recent advancements in steel material properties, resulting in improved performance and new applications.

Companies involved in steel production in India, including Tata Iron and Steel Company, Indian Iron and Steel Company, Mysore Iron and Steel Company, and Hindustan Steel.

A structural steel grade known for its weldability and high strength, often used in demanding applications.

A mild steel designated as St 44-S, used in general structural applications. Also available in copper-bearing quality (St 44-SC) for enhanced corrosion resistance.

A type of steel that is suitable for welding up to 20mm thickness, but requires special precautions for thicker elements.

A type of steel that did not meet the standards of IS : 226 and is classified as 'ordinary quality'. It is designated as St 44.0 and St 32.0, and has limited applications.

A grade of steel in IS : 1977-1975 designated as St 44.0C, containing copper for improved corrosion resistance. It is intended for structures not subjected to dynamic loading other than wind forces.

A type of structural steel designed for weldability, commonly used in applications where welding is required.

A material property that measures a material's resistance to deformation under stress, often used to determine a material's strength.

A material property that describes the amount of change in length a material experiences per degree of temperature change.

Steel sections manufactured in rolling mills and used for structural members.

Standard steel shapes frequently used in construction, readily available in the market.

Standard steel shapes rarely used in construction, produced on special demand.

The shapes of steel structures are chosen based on the type of members being fabricated and how they will be assembled.

Steel beams classified into four series based on their size and weight.

Steel sections with a channel shape, often used for bracing in structural frames.

Steel sections shaped like a T, often used in structural components.

Steel sections in the shape of an angle, often used for bracing and support.

The weight of the structure itself, including all permanent fixtures.

Loads that vary over time due to the use of the structure. Examples include people, furniture, and equipment.

Forces exerted by wind on a structure. It depends on wind speed, direction, and the shape of the structure.

Weight of accumulated snow on a structure's roof. It is affected by snow density and the roof's geometry.

Forces caused by the shaking of the earth during an earthquake. It depends on the earthquake's intensity and the building's location.

Changes in material properties due to temperature fluctuations. These can cause expansion or contraction of materials.

Forces that arise from the movement of the ground beneath a structure, often due to soil conditions.

Forces that occur when a structure is subjected to repeated loading and unloading cycles. This can lead to material fatigue and failure.

The force per unit cross-sectional area that resists deformation in a structural member.

The force acting perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of a structural member, which can either pull it apart (tension) or compress it (compression).

The stress caused by pulling a structural member apart.

The stress caused by pushing or compressing a structural member.

The stress created by a force applied parallel to the surface of a structural member, causing it to deform by shearing or sliding.

The stress caused by bending a structural member, resulting in both tension and compression on opposite sides.

The stress caused by twisting a structural member, resulting in shear stresses throughout its cross-section.

The maximum stress a structural member can withstand before it begins to deform permanently.

The distance between the centers of adjacent rivets should not be less than 2.5 times the gross diameter of the rivet.

The maximum distance between rivet centers, considering both the thickness of the plate and the type of member (tension or compression).

The minimum distance from the center of a rivet hole to the edge of the plate. It's usually 1.5 times the rivet's diameter to ensure proper strength.

Diamond riveting is a type of riveting pattern that uses a staggered arrangement of rivets to save material and increase efficiency. Commonly used in bridge trusses.

The centroidal axes of all members meeting at a joint should ideally intersect at a single point. If there's eccentricity, extra support is needed.

The center of gravity of a group of rivets should align with the direction of the applied load whenever possible.

This procedure is used to design riveted joints, considering the thickness of the joined plates and the force the joint needs to transmit.

The strength of the plate at the section is determined by the load the rivets can carry.