Structural Organisation in Animals
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the tissue that performs a specific function in the body?

Tissue

How many basic types of tissues are there in complex animals?

Four

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs and is involved in functions like forming a diffusion boundary?

Squamous epithelium

Which of these types of epithelial tissue is commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys?

<p>Cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of tall and slender cells, with their nuclei located at the base?

<p>Columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial tissue has cilia on their free surface?

<p>Ciliated epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is not a type of cell junction found in epithelial and other tissues?

<p>Cellular junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connective tissues are less abundant and less widely distributed in the body of complex animals than other types of tissue.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of connective tissue?

<p>Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, specialised connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is found beneath the skin and serves as a support framework for epithelium?

<p>Areolar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is specialised to store fats?

<p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue has fibres and fibroblasts that are compactly packed, and show a regular or irregular pattern?

<p>Dense connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of dense regular connective tissue?

<p>Ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of dense irregular connective tissue?

<p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cartilage is a solid and pliable type of connective tissue which resists compression.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is cartilage present in adults?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bones provide structural frame to the body and support and protect softer tissues and organs.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bone marrow?

<p>Production of blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main components of blood?

<p>Plasma, red blood cells, platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of muscle tissue?

<p>Contraction and relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is closely attached to skeletal bones?

<p>Skeletal muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of internal organs?

<p>Smooth muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is found only in the heart?

<p>Cardiac muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

<p>Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neuroglia protect and support neurons.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a neuron is suitably stimulated?

<p>An electrical disturbance is generated which swiftly travels along its plasma membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of organs?

<p>To perform a specific function in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organ systems work together to coordinate the activities of millions of cells in the body.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for earthworms based on their beneficial impact on soil fertility?

<p>Friends of farmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process of increasing soil fertility by earthworms?

<p>Vermicomposting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cockroaches are typically found in cold, dry environments.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hard, chitinous exoskeleton that covers the body of a cockroach?

<p>Sclerites</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main body regions of a cockroach?

<p>Head, thorax, abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the flexible membrane that joins the sclerites of a cockroach's exoskeleton?

<p>Arthrodial Membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cockroaches have compound eyes, which are sensitive to light intensity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the mouthpart that acts as the upper lip in a cockroach?

<p>Labrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The thorax of a cockroach consists of three parts: prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of wings in a cockroach is used for flight?

<p>Hindwings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pouch that contains the female gonopore, spermathecal pores, and collateral glands in female cockroaches?

<p>Brood pouch or genital pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

Male cockroaches have a pair of short, thread-like anal styles that are absent in females.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The alimentary canal of a cockroach is a straight tube that runs between the first and last segment of the body.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gizzard of a cockroach helps in grinding food particles.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hepatic or gastric caeca in cockroaches?

<p>Secretion of digestive juice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Malpighian tubules in cockroaches help in the removal of excretory products.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The blood vascular system in cockroaches is a closed type.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The haemolymph in cockroaches is composed of colourless plasma and haemocytes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that pumps blood through the sinuses in cockroaches?

<p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main respiratory organs in a cockroach on land?

<p>Buccal cavity, skin, lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

The respiratory system in a cockroach is a closed system.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cockroaches are uricotelic, meaning they excrete uric acid as their primary nitrogenous waste product.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nervous system of a cockroach consists of a series of fused, segmentally arranged ganglia joined by paired longitudinal connectives on the ventral side.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cockroaches are dioecious, meaning they have separate sexes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The male reproductive system of a cockroach consists of a pair of testes, a pair of vas deferens, a pair of seminal vesicles, and a pair of accessory glands.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The female reproductive system of a cockroach consists of a pair of ovaries, a pair of oviducts, and a pair of spermathecae.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of cockroaches is holometabolous, meaning they undergo a complete metamorphosis with a larval stage.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs are ectothermic, meaning they have a constant body temperature.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs can change their colour to camouflage themselves from predators.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aestivation is a period of dormancy that frogs undergo during the winter to avoid cold temperatures.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The skin of frogs is dry and scaly.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs do not have a neck or a tail.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs have webbed feet that help them swim.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Male frogs have sound-producing vocal sacs that are absent in female frogs.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The digestive system of a frog is relatively short because frogs are carnivores.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the chamber that receives both digestive and excretory wastes as well as reproductive products in a frog?

<p>Cloaca</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs respire using both lungs and skin.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The circulatory system in a frog is an open system.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heart of a frog has four chambers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of blood cells in a frog?

<p>Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the excretory system in a frog?

<p>Elimination of nitrogenous wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

The excretory system in a frog consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a cloaca.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by frogs?

<p>Urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nervous system in a frog is organised into a central nervous system, a peripheral nervous system, and an autonomic nervous system.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The brain of a frog is divided into three parts: forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sense organs in a frog include organs of touch, taste, smell, vision, and hearing.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The male reproductive system of a frog consists of a pair of testes, a pair of vasa efferentia, and a pair of kidneys.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The female reproductive system of a frog consists of a pair of ovaries, a pair of oviducts, and a pair of kidneys.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fertilization in frogs is internal.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The larval stage of a frog is called a tadpole.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Structural Organisation in Animals

  • Animals exhibit varying levels of structural complexity, from unicellular to multicellular organisms.
  • In unicellular organisms, all functions are performed by a single cell.
  • In multicellular organisms, specialized cells and tissues work together in an organized way to perform specific functions.
  • Tissues are groups of similar cells working together with intercellular substance.

Animal Tissues

  • Four main tissue types in complex animals are:
    • Epithelial
    • Connective
    • Muscular
    • Neural

Epithelial Tissue

  • Forms coverings and linings for body surfaces, cavities, and ducts.
  • Tightly packed cells with little intercellular matrix.
  • Types include simple (single layer) and compound (multiple layers).
  • Further classifications are squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and ciliated.

Connective Tissues

  • Connects and supports other tissues.
  • Includes loose connective tissue (e.g., areolar tissue), dense connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments), and specialized types (e.g., cartilage, bone, blood).
  • Composed of cells and a matrix (ground substance).

Muscular Tissues

  • Responsible for movement.
  • Types include skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac (involuntary).

Nervous Tissue

  • Forms the nervous system.
  • Composed of neurons specialized for transmitting electrical signals.
  • Supporting cells (neuroglia) also present.

Organs and Organ Systems

  • Organs are formed by the coordinated functions of different tissues.
  • Multiple organs working together forms an organ system.
  • Organ systems function in a coordinated manner to maintain homeostasis and carry out life's functions (e.g., digestive system, circulatory system).

Morphology and Anatomy of Earthworm

  • Earthworms have segmented bodies (metameres).
  • Visible external features include clitellum, setae, and openings for the reproductive system.
  • The body wall consists of an epidermis, two muscle layers, and coelomic epithelium.
  • Internal organs include a closed circulatory system (including the dorsal vessel), a digestive system (including the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, gizzard, intestine), and an excretory system (including nephridia).

Morphology and Anatomy of Cockroach

  • Cockroaches possess a segmented body (head, thorax, abdomen).
  • The exoskeleton is hard and made of chitin.
  • They have compound eyes and antennae.
  • The digestive system has a foregut, midgut and hindgut.
  • The circulatory system is open.
  • Respiration occurs through spiracles.
  • Excretion is done by Malpighian tubules.

Morphology and Anatomy of Frog

  • Frogs have a distinct head and trunk.
  • They have limbs for locomotion.
  • The skin is moist and permeable.
  • The digestive system includes the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas, and cloaca.
  • The circulatory system is closed and has a three-chambered heart (two atria, one ventricle) and blood vessels.
  • The respiratory system includes lungs, buccal cavity, and skin.
  • The excretory system involves kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and cloaca.

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Chapter 7 Structural Organisation in Animals PDF

Description

This quiz explores the structural organization of animals, detailing the differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms. It covers the four main types of animal tissues and delves into the characteristics and classifications of epithelial and connective tissues. Test your knowledge on the complexity of animal structures and their functions.

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