24 Questions
What is the definition of deformation in geology?
Changes in shape, position, or orientation of a body resulting from the application of a differential stress
What is the term for the pivoting of a body around a fixed axis?
Rotation
What is the term for the change in position of a body?
Translation
What is the term for the distortion or change in shape of a body?
Strain
Why is it necessary to define a reference frame in structural geology?
To describe deformation
What is the name of the reference frame used in structural geology?
The undeformed state
What type of faulting is associated with the rotation of continental blocks?
Strike-slip faulting
What is the term for the state in which the magnitude of stress is not the same in all directions?
Differential stress
What is the unit of measurement for stress acting on a plane?
Force per unit area
What type of deformation occurs when the strain is not equal throughout the body?
Heterogeneous strain
Which of the following is an example of rotation in deformation?
A rock rotating on its axis
What is the term for the amount of deformation per unit of original length?
Strain
Which of the following is NOT a type of deformation?
Vibration
What is the purpose of designing cars to have heterogeneous strain?
To protect the passengers from impact
Which of the following is an example of translation in deformation?
A car moving in a straight line
What is the relationship between stress and strain?
Stress causes strain
What is the primary objective of structural geologists?
To analyze the deformation of rocks
What type of deformation is shown in Figure 1.7 (a)?
Translational deformation
What is the term used to describe the movement of one side of a fault relative to the other side?
Translation
What is the result of plate motion on the flat-lying bed of Paleozoic limestone?
Change in latitude
What is the term used to describe the study of the deformation of rocks?
Structural analysis
What type of deformation is shown in Figure 1.7 (b)?
Rotational deformation
What is the term used to describe the change in shape or size of a rock due to external forces?
Strain
What can be inferred about the flat-lying bed of Paleozoic limestone?
It was formed below sea level
Study Notes
Overview of Deformation
- Deformation refers to changes in shape, position, or orientation of a body resulting from the application of a differential stress.
- Differential stress is a state in which the magnitude of stress is not the same in all directions.
Components of Deformation
- Deformation consists of three components:
- Rotation: pivoting of a body around a fixed axis.
- Translation: change in the position of a body.
- Strain: distortion or change in shape of a body.
Strain
- Strain is heterogeneous, meaning that the strain is not equal throughout the body.
- Example: a car crashing into a brick wall, resulting in extreme distortion of the front (Figure 1.6).
Translation and Rotation
- Translation: movement of a body along a fault plane, resulting in a change in position relative to the opposing side of the fault (Figure 1.7a).
- Rotation: pivoting of a body around a vertical axis, resulting in a change in orientation of strata (Figure 1.7b).
Reference Frame
- A reference frame is necessary to describe deformation.
- The reference frame used in structural geology is called the undeformed state.
- The undeformed state refers to the original shape and position of a rock body.
Structural Geologists
- Structural geologists study the deformation of rocks and the resulting structures.
- They use observations and analysis to understand the processes that have shaped the Earth's crust.
This quiz covers the basics of structural geology, including rotation and translation of tectonic plates. It explores the concepts of strain and deformation of the Earth's lithosphere.
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