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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of deformation in geology?
What is the definition of deformation in geology?
What is the term for the pivoting of a body around a fixed axis?
What is the term for the pivoting of a body around a fixed axis?
What is the term for the change in position of a body?
What is the term for the change in position of a body?
What is the term for the distortion or change in shape of a body?
What is the term for the distortion or change in shape of a body?
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Why is it necessary to define a reference frame in structural geology?
Why is it necessary to define a reference frame in structural geology?
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What is the name of the reference frame used in structural geology?
What is the name of the reference frame used in structural geology?
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What type of faulting is associated with the rotation of continental blocks?
What type of faulting is associated with the rotation of continental blocks?
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What is the term for the state in which the magnitude of stress is not the same in all directions?
What is the term for the state in which the magnitude of stress is not the same in all directions?
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What is the unit of measurement for stress acting on a plane?
What is the unit of measurement for stress acting on a plane?
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What type of deformation occurs when the strain is not equal throughout the body?
What type of deformation occurs when the strain is not equal throughout the body?
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Which of the following is an example of rotation in deformation?
Which of the following is an example of rotation in deformation?
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What is the term for the amount of deformation per unit of original length?
What is the term for the amount of deformation per unit of original length?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of deformation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of deformation?
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What is the purpose of designing cars to have heterogeneous strain?
What is the purpose of designing cars to have heterogeneous strain?
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Which of the following is an example of translation in deformation?
Which of the following is an example of translation in deformation?
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What is the relationship between stress and strain?
What is the relationship between stress and strain?
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What is the primary objective of structural geologists?
What is the primary objective of structural geologists?
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What type of deformation is shown in Figure 1.7 (a)?
What type of deformation is shown in Figure 1.7 (a)?
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What is the term used to describe the movement of one side of a fault relative to the other side?
What is the term used to describe the movement of one side of a fault relative to the other side?
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What is the result of plate motion on the flat-lying bed of Paleozoic limestone?
What is the result of plate motion on the flat-lying bed of Paleozoic limestone?
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What is the term used to describe the study of the deformation of rocks?
What is the term used to describe the study of the deformation of rocks?
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What type of deformation is shown in Figure 1.7 (b)?
What type of deformation is shown in Figure 1.7 (b)?
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What is the term used to describe the change in shape or size of a rock due to external forces?
What is the term used to describe the change in shape or size of a rock due to external forces?
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What can be inferred about the flat-lying bed of Paleozoic limestone?
What can be inferred about the flat-lying bed of Paleozoic limestone?
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Study Notes
Overview of Deformation
- Deformation refers to changes in shape, position, or orientation of a body resulting from the application of a differential stress.
- Differential stress is a state in which the magnitude of stress is not the same in all directions.
Components of Deformation
- Deformation consists of three components:
- Rotation: pivoting of a body around a fixed axis.
- Translation: change in the position of a body.
- Strain: distortion or change in shape of a body.
Strain
- Strain is heterogeneous, meaning that the strain is not equal throughout the body.
- Example: a car crashing into a brick wall, resulting in extreme distortion of the front (Figure 1.6).
Translation and Rotation
- Translation: movement of a body along a fault plane, resulting in a change in position relative to the opposing side of the fault (Figure 1.7a).
- Rotation: pivoting of a body around a vertical axis, resulting in a change in orientation of strata (Figure 1.7b).
Reference Frame
- A reference frame is necessary to describe deformation.
- The reference frame used in structural geology is called the undeformed state.
- The undeformed state refers to the original shape and position of a rock body.
Structural Geologists
- Structural geologists study the deformation of rocks and the resulting structures.
- They use observations and analysis to understand the processes that have shaped the Earth's crust.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of structural geology, including rotation and translation of tectonic plates. It explores the concepts of strain and deformation of the Earth's lithosphere.
