Structural-Functional Theory Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does the Structural-Functional theory emphasize?

  • Isolation and independence
  • Conflict and change
  • Stability and integration (correct)
  • Competition and dominance
  • What term describes the study of how people behave in groups?

    Sociology

    Functionalists view society as a system with interdependent parts.

    True

    What is the focus of conflict theory?

    <p>Interests that divide people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ occurs when a subject's behavior changes simply because they are aware of being studied.

    <p>Hawthorne Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for the reason something happens and the result of it happening?

    <p>Cause-effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of qualitative research?

    <p>Field observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an independent variable?

    <p>Variables that can be changed or manipulated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a control group?

    <p>The group that does not receive the experimental treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does validity refer to in research?

    <p>The quality of being logically valid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ is often scientific or philosophical in nature.

    <p>Theoretical definitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn?

    <p>Sampling frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a sampling imply in research?

    <p>Selecting items at random from a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the term 'operational definition'.

    <p>A statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or how to define a particular term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Structural-Functional Theory

    • Emphasizes societal stability and integration as a cohesive whole.
    • All elements contribute to societal well-being, maintaining equilibrium.
    • Society relies on member consensus to function effectively.

    Functionalists

    • View society as a complex, interdependent system.
    • Each part fulfills specific requirements that support the whole.

    Conflict Theory

    • Focus on division and exploitation within society based on interests.
    • Society is a battleground for power struggles, where elites maintain advantages over the disadvantaged.

    Key Aspects of Conflict Theory

    • Conflict is ever-present in societies, influencing constant change.
    • Internal elements contribute to societal dynamics and constraints among members.

    Sociology

    • The discipline studies behavior in group contexts.

    Peter Berger's Dimensions of Sociological Consciousness

    • Debunking: Exposes false claims and myths.
    • Relativizing: Emphasizes that ideas and people are relative.
    • Unrespectability: All subjects are worthy of sociological inquiry.

    Symbolic Interaction

    • Examines how individuals utilize symbols during interactions, including language and gestures.

    Verstehen

    • A German term meaning "to understand," indicating deep comprehension of social phenomena.

    Common Sense

    • Represents widely held beliefs within specific groups during particular times and contexts.

    Scientific Method

    • Involves systematic steps for problem-solving: data collection, hypothesis formulation, testing, and conclusion drawing.

    Independent Variables

    • Factors within experiments that can be manipulated or altered.

    Dependent Variables

    • Outcome factors influenced by changes to independent variables.

    Operational Definition

    • Specifies how to measure or define a particular variable.

    Theoretical Definitions

    • Definitions that are often scientific or philosophical in nature.

    Cause-Effect Relationships

    • Indicates the rationale behind why events happen and their ensuing results.

    Spurious Relationships

    • False correlations between two variables caused by a third variable's influence.

    Design in Research

    • Refers to the organization and structure of participants in a study.

    Control Group

    • A group that remains untreated in experiments to serve as a baseline for comparisons.

    Experimental Group

    • The group exposed to variables being tested in an experiment.

    Sampling

    • Process of selecting random items from a population to test hypotheses.

    Accidental Sample

    • Drawn through an unsystematic method, often by engaging individuals in public spaces.

    Sampling Frame

    • A list outlining individuals targeted for sample selection.

    Population

    • A collection of organisms of the same species within a specific area.

    Survey Designs

    • Procedures to identify trends among large populations through questionnaires or surveys administered to samples.

    Hawthorne Effect

    • Changes in behavior that result from participants' awareness of being observed during a study.

    Hypothesis

    • A proposed explanation based on partial evidence or observation.

    Validity

    • The attribute of being logically sound and accurate.

    Reliability

    • The ability to depend on consistent results across repeated measurements.

    Qualitative Research

    • Research primarily based on observations in natural settings rather than on statistical data.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts related to Structural-Functional theory, emphasizing the stability and integration of society. Learn about how various elements contribute to societal well-being and the importance of consensus among members. Perfect for students and anyone interested in sociology!

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