Questions and Answers
What does the Structural-Functional theory emphasize?
What term describes the study of how people behave in groups?
Sociology
Functionalists view society as a system with interdependent parts.
True
What is the focus of conflict theory?
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_________ occurs when a subject's behavior changes simply because they are aware of being studied.
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What term is used for the reason something happens and the result of it happening?
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What is the focus of qualitative research?
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What is the definition of an independent variable?
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What is a control group?
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What does validity refer to in research?
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_________ is often scientific or philosophical in nature.
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What is the term for a list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn?
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What does a sampling imply in research?
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Define the term 'operational definition'.
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Study Notes
Structural-Functional Theory
- Emphasizes societal stability and integration as a cohesive whole.
- All elements contribute to societal well-being, maintaining equilibrium.
- Society relies on member consensus to function effectively.
Functionalists
- View society as a complex, interdependent system.
- Each part fulfills specific requirements that support the whole.
Conflict Theory
- Focus on division and exploitation within society based on interests.
- Society is a battleground for power struggles, where elites maintain advantages over the disadvantaged.
Key Aspects of Conflict Theory
- Conflict is ever-present in societies, influencing constant change.
- Internal elements contribute to societal dynamics and constraints among members.
Sociology
- The discipline studies behavior in group contexts.
Peter Berger's Dimensions of Sociological Consciousness
- Debunking: Exposes false claims and myths.
- Relativizing: Emphasizes that ideas and people are relative.
- Unrespectability: All subjects are worthy of sociological inquiry.
Symbolic Interaction
- Examines how individuals utilize symbols during interactions, including language and gestures.
Verstehen
- A German term meaning "to understand," indicating deep comprehension of social phenomena.
Common Sense
- Represents widely held beliefs within specific groups during particular times and contexts.
Scientific Method
- Involves systematic steps for problem-solving: data collection, hypothesis formulation, testing, and conclusion drawing.
Independent Variables
- Factors within experiments that can be manipulated or altered.
Dependent Variables
- Outcome factors influenced by changes to independent variables.
Operational Definition
- Specifies how to measure or define a particular variable.
Theoretical Definitions
- Definitions that are often scientific or philosophical in nature.
Cause-Effect Relationships
- Indicates the rationale behind why events happen and their ensuing results.
Spurious Relationships
- False correlations between two variables caused by a third variable's influence.
Design in Research
- Refers to the organization and structure of participants in a study.
Control Group
- A group that remains untreated in experiments to serve as a baseline for comparisons.
Experimental Group
- The group exposed to variables being tested in an experiment.
Sampling
- Process of selecting random items from a population to test hypotheses.
Accidental Sample
- Drawn through an unsystematic method, often by engaging individuals in public spaces.
Sampling Frame
- A list outlining individuals targeted for sample selection.
Population
- A collection of organisms of the same species within a specific area.
Survey Designs
- Procedures to identify trends among large populations through questionnaires or surveys administered to samples.
Hawthorne Effect
- Changes in behavior that result from participants' awareness of being observed during a study.
Hypothesis
- A proposed explanation based on partial evidence or observation.
Validity
- The attribute of being logically sound and accurate.
Reliability
- The ability to depend on consistent results across repeated measurements.
Qualitative Research
- Research primarily based on observations in natural settings rather than on statistical data.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to Structural-Functional theory, emphasizing the stability and integration of society. Learn about how various elements contribute to societal well-being and the importance of consensus among members. Perfect for students and anyone interested in sociology!
