Building Construction Chapter 3

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What is the most critical aspect of engineering design?

Accommodating the type and magnitude of forces (correct)

Understanding the direction of forces

Minimizing the impact of gravity

Balancing the structural components

What is the most common load imposed on a structure?

Tension from internal structural reactions

Gravity from the weight of components and occupancy activity (correct)

Lateral forces from wind pressure

Shear stress from external impacts

What does stress represent?

The external forces applied to a structure

The direction of forces from loads acting on the interior of structural members (correct)

The distribution of materials within a structure

The deformation of structural members under load

What type of force causes material to pull apart?

Tension Signup and view all the answers

What may cause peripheral structural members to expand and contract at a different rate from internal members?

Temperature changes external to the building Signup and view all the answers

Which type of force squeezes material?

Compression Signup and view all the answers

What type of load is rain and snow considered to be?

Live load Signup and view all the answers

Which formula represents kinetic energy?

$E = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$ Signup and view all the answers

What type of load involves motion and can deliver energy greatly in excess of the weight of the object involved?

Dynamic load Signup and view all the answers

How much static load does water at a depth of 3 inches add per square foot?

21 pounds Signup and view all the answers

What type of load is the most complicated and must be accommodated by structural design?

Seismic forces Signup and view all the answers

Which building must be designed for greater seismic loads due to their essential role in community recovery after an earthquake?

Communications Centers Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement creates the most significant force generated by an earthquake?

Lateral motion Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism absorbs resonant energy as the structure begins to move?

Damping mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

How does base isolation protect a building from horizontal movement?

By isolating the building from the earth's surface movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sliding systems in base isolation?

To isolate the building from horizontal shear force Signup and view all the answers

What is active soil pressure?

Pressure exerted by the soil against the foundation Signup and view all the answers

What does passive soil pressure represent?

Force of the foundation against the soil Signup and view all the answers

What type of beam is rigidly supported at each end?

Restrained beam Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the beam carries compressive stresses?

Top flange Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a cantilever beam?

Supported at one end and must be able to support a vertical load in addition to resisting bending stresses Signup and view all the answers

What type of stresses are mostly experienced within a column?

Compressive Signup and view all the answers

Which material is commonly used as a structural member for columns?

Steel Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of columns in a structure?

Supporting axial load Signup and view all the answers

What type of stresses are primarily experienced within an arch?

Compressive Signup and view all the answers

What are space frames?

3-D truss structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of load-bearing walls in a structure?

Carry compressive loads and provide lateral support Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of post and beam construction framing?

Support horizontal elements carrying transverse loads Signup and view all the answers

In steel stud wall construction, how far apart are the vertical steel studs typically placed?

12 - 16 inches Signup and view all the answers

In a frame structure, what do the walls act as?

The 'skin' to enclose the frame Signup and view all the answers

What type of structures are membrane structures similar to?

Fabric tents Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of membrane structures over rigid structural systems?

Can be built in less time than rigid structural systems Signup and view all the answers

What material are shell structures most commonly constructed from?

Concrete Signup and view all the answers