Stroke Risk Factors and Brain Tumors
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Stroke Risk Factors and Brain Tumors

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary risk factor for stroke associated with increased blood vessel obstacles?

  • Atherosclerosis leading to reduced blood flow (correct)
  • Frequent exercise
  • Excessive hydration
  • Low cholesterol diet

    • How does thrombosis contribute to stroke risk?

  • By dilating blood vessels
  • By obstructing blood flow in vessels (correct)
  • By enhancing oxygen delivery
  • By reducing blood viscosity

    • What condition frequently leads to infarction during a stroke?

  • High blood sugar levels
  • Increased cranial pressure
  • Interruption of blood supply (correct)
  • Overactive neurotransmitter release

    • What role does hypertension play in cerebrovascular disease?

    <p>Damaging blood vessels and increasing stroke risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can micro-aneurysms lead to if they rupture?

    <p>Bleeding within the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is directly linked to the risk of stroke?

    <p>Sedentary lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood flow during a stroke due to thrombosis?

    <p>Blood flow is reduced or obstructed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of a stroke?

    <p>Short-term memory improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication is commonly associated with ependymoma in children?

    <p>Hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What grades are assigned to ependymoma according to the WHO classification?

    <p>Grade II and III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of brain tumors in children is represented by Medulloblastoma?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain does Medulloblastoma primarily originate from?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age group is Medulloblastoma most commonly found?

    <p>Children under 6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of a Medulloblastoma?

    <p>Irregular, ill-defined mass with necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Medulloblastoma classified in terms of malignancy?

    <p>Highly malignant (Grade IV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hydrocephalus associated with brain tumors in children?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause of Intracerebral Hemorrhage?

    <p>Massive trauma, hypertension, or arterial vascular diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symptom onset for Epidural Hematoma?

    <p>Rapid onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an initial symptom of Epidural Hematoma?

    <p>Mild symptoms that can progress to significant issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Subdural Hematoma symptoms vary?

    <p>Based on severity and speed of bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms are associated with Intracerebral Hemorrhage?

    <p>Severe headache, loss of consciousness, neurological deficits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of liquefactive necrosis?

    <p>Necrotic tissue infiltrated by macrophages with lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding symptoms of Intracerebral Hemorrhage?

    <p>It only presents as a headache.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Epidural Hematoma?

    <p>No symptoms at all initially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is primarily affected by Schwannoma?

    <p>Cranial Nerve VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinguishing feature of Neurofibromas?

    <p>Subcutaneous nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is indicated by the presence of café au lait skin patches?

    <p>Neurofibromatosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic disorder does Multiple Neurofibromatosis represent?

    <p>Autosomal dominant disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common complications of intracranial tumors?

    <p>Compression and edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly linked with intracranial tumors?

    <p>Hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key histological feature of Schwannomas?

    <p>Palisading of nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stroma do larger cells in Antoni B areas of Schwannomas have?

    <p>Dense fibrous stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal column?

    <p>Spina Bifida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region does Meningocele typically occur?

    <p>Spinal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Meningomyelocele from other forms of Spina Bifida?

    <p>Involvement of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an Epidural Hematoma?

    <p>Develops in the extradural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical cause of an Epidural Hematoma?

    <p>Linear fracture damaging middle meningeal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a Subdural Hematoma primarily develop?

    <p>From mild traumatic injury to veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves bleeding within the brain tissue?

    <p>Intracerebral Hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major complication associated with Spina Bifida?

    <p>Neurological issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stroke Risk Factors

    • Atherosclerosis is a primary risk factor for stroke as it narrows arteries, reducing blood flow.
    • Thrombosis contributes to stroke risk by obstructing blood flow in vessels, preventing adequate brain blood supply.
    • Infarction during a stroke is primarily caused by the interruption of blood supply to a part of the brain.
    • Hypertension damages blood vessels, increasing the risk of rupture or blockage, significantly increasing stroke risk.

    Intracranial Bleeding and Stroke

    • Micro-aneurysms can rupture, causing bleeding within the brain, leading to stroke and complications.
    • Hemorrhage can occur within the brain due to micro-aneurysms rupturing.

    Ependymoma

    • Ependymoma affects children and can lead to hydrocephalus by obstructing cerebrospinal fluid pathways.
    • The World Health Organization classifies ependymoma into Grade II and III, indicating its varying degrees of malignancy.

    Medulloblastoma

    • Medulloblastoma accounts for approximately 20% of brain tumors in children.
    • It primarily originates in the cerebellum, responsible for coordination and balance.
    • Children under 6 years are most commonly affected by Medulloblastoma.
    • Medulloblastoma typically presents as an irregular, ill-defined mass with necrosis.
    • It is classified as a highly malignant tumor (Grade IV).

    Schwannoma

    • It primarily affects Cranial Nerve VIII, impacting hearing and balance.

    Neurofibromas

    • They are characterized by the presence of subcutaneous nodules.

    Neurofibromatosis

    • Café au lait skin patches are a hallmark feature of Neurofibromatosis.
    • It is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting in tumors on nerve tissue.

    Intracranial Tumors

    • Common complications of intracranial tumors include compression of surrounding structures and edema.
    • Hydrocephalus is a common symptom associated with intracranial tumors due to cerebrospinal fluid blockage.
    • A key histological feature of Schwannomas is the palisading of nuclei.

    Spina Bifida

    • It is a congenital condition resulting from the incomplete closure of the spinal column, which can lead to neurological issues.
    • Meningocele occurs in the spinal region, involving a meningeal sac protruding through a defect in the spinal column.
    • Meningomyelocele is a more severe form of Spina Bifida, affecting the spinal cord.

    Intracranial Hematomas

    • Epidural Hematoma occurs in the extradural space, between the skull and the outer layer of the meninges.
    • It is typically caused by a linear fracture damaging the middle meningeal artery.
    • Subdural Hematoma develops from mild traumatic injuries to veins, leading to bleeding in the subdural space.
    • Intracerebral Hemorrhage results from massive trauma, hypertension, or arterial vascular diseases, causing bleeding within the brain tissue.
    • Symptom onset for Epidural Hematoma is typically rapid.
    • Epidural Hematoma often starts with mild symptoms that can progress to significant issues.
    • Subdural Hematoma symptoms vary depending on severity and speed of bleeding.
    • Intracerebral Hemorrhage is characterized by severe headaches, potential loss of consciousness, and neurological deficits.

    Liquefactive Necrosis

    • A key characteristic of liquefactive necrosis is necrotic tissue infiltrated by macrophages with lipids.

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    Description

    This quiz covers critical risk factors for stroke, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and the implications of intracranial bleeding. Additionally, it explores brain tumors like ependymoma and medulloblastoma, highlighting their effects on cerebrospinal fluid and classification. Test your knowledge on these vital health topics!

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