Stroke
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Questions and Answers

What is an ischemic stroke primarily caused by?

  • Blood vessel blockage affecting brain cells (correct)
  • Severe migraines
  • A burst blood vessel in the brain
  • Changes in blood flow during pregnancy

Which of the following is a common symptom of a stroke?

  • Numbness (correct)
  • Dizziness only
  • Headaches
  • Stomach ache

What percentage of strokes is statistically believed to be preventable?

  • 90%
  • 70%
  • 80% (correct)
  • 60%

Which risk factor for stroke is linked to poor blood vessel condition?

<p>High blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atrial fibrillation can lead to stroke due to which major consequence?

<p>Irregular heartbeat leading to poor blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle factor is associated with a higher stroke risk?

<p>Heavy alcohol use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should individuals over 50 be particularly aware of regarding stroke?

<p>Stroke can happen at any age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions increase the risk of stroke?

<p>Sickle cell disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of thrombolysis in the treatment of ischemic strokes?

<p>To dissolve blood clots in the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used as an anticoagulant for stroke prevention?

<p>Warfarin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the first 24 hours after a stroke, what is a common intervention for hemorrhagic strokes?

<p>Drain fluid to relieve pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recognized oral motor dysfunction following an ischemic stroke?

<p>Facial paralysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the long-term effect of statins for stroke patients?

<p>They lower blood cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition associated with stroke patients contributes to their higher risk of dental caries?

<p>Xerostomia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can dental appointments be effectively tailored for stroke survivors?

<p>Scheduling at least six months post stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended oral hygiene modification for patients with dysphagia?

<p>Increased hydration and saliva substitutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of oral health is often compromised in stroke patients due to cognitive limitations?

<p>Regular oral hygiene practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptive dental tool is specifically mentioned for use with stroke survivors?

<p>Large-handle toothbrushes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What relationship do periodontal disease and stroke share?

<p>Bidirectional relationship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In positioning stroke patients in the dental chair, which consideration is crucial?

<p>Positioning on the unaffected side (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of anticoagulants that stroke patients may experience?

<p>Increased bleeding risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential consequences of dental problems according to the information provided?

<p>Increased risk of stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization provides statistics on stroke according to the sources listed?

<p>Stroke Association (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stroke is mentioned in the context of oral health in hospitalized patients?

<p>Ischemic stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a symptom of stroke?

<p>Consistent healthy teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Dentalcare.com in the context of stroke management?

<p>Management of patients with chronic diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding strokes based on the content?

<p>Strokes can occur without any prior symptoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is emphasized as significant to patient care in the context of stroke treatment?

<p>The patient's dental health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of resource does 'Dimensions of Dental Hygiene' provide concerning strokes?

<p>Oral health information related to stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a stroke?

A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, either by a blockage (ischemic stroke) or bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke).

What is an Ischemic stroke?

Ischemic strokes are caused by a blood clot blocking a blood vessel in the brain, cutting off oxygen and nutrients to brain cells.

What is Hemorrhagic stroke?

Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by a ruptured blood vessel in the brain, leading to bleeding and pressure on surrounding brain cells.

What are the symptoms of a stroke?

Symptoms of a stroke can include sudden weakness or numbness, difficulty speaking, confusion, vision problems, and dizziness.

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What are risk factors for a stroke?

Risk factors for stroke include age over 50, genetic conditions like sickle cell disease, unhealthy lifestyle choices like smoking and poor diet, frequent migraines, combined contraceptive pill use, and certain medical conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes.

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How does high blood pressure increase stroke risk?

High blood pressure puts extra strain on blood vessel walls, increasing the risk of rupture or blockage, leading to stroke.

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How does diabetes increase stroke risk?

Diabetes can damage blood vessels making them more susceptible to blockage, increasing the risk of stroke.

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How does Atrial fibrillation increase stroke risk?

Atrial fibrillation, an irregular heartbeat, can lead to poor blood flow and increase the risk of blood clots forming, which can travel to the brain and cause a stroke.

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Atherosclerosis

A condition where fatty deposits build up in arteries, narrowing them and leading to reduced blood flow.

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Ischemic Stroke

A type of stroke caused by a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain.

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Hemorrhagic Stroke

A type of stroke caused by a blood vessel in the brain bursting.

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Thrombolytics

Medications used to dissolve blood clots, often used in ischemic strokes.

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Antiplatelet + Anticoagulants

Medications used to prevent blood clots, often used after a stroke to prevent further strokes.

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Dental health issues in stroke patients

Stroke patients tend to have a higher number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), compared to the general population.

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Increased caries risk in stroke patients

Stroke patients experience a higher risk of developing oral infections and cavities. This is due to their limited ability to perform proper oral hygiene routines.

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Periodontal disease & stroke relationship

Periodontal disease (gum disease) and stroke have a complex connection, influencing each other. This means that having gum disease can increase the risk of stroke, and vice versa.

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Dental appointment adjustments for stroke patients

Stroke survivors may need modifications in dental appointments, including scheduling at least six months after the stroke, extra time allocation, and morning appointments.

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Communication & swallowing challenges in stroke survivors

Stroke can cause difficulties with speech (aphasia) and swallowing (dysphagia), requiring effective communication strategies and modified diet to ensure safe oral care.

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Adaptive dental tools for stroke patients

Adaptive dental tools are crucial for stroke patients, including large-handle toothbrushes, electric toothbrushes, specialized grips, and suction toothbrushes. These tools are designed to make brushing easier.

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Xerostomia management in stroke patients

Xerostomia (dry mouth) is a common side effect of medications used for stroke patients. Managing dry mouth is vital for good oral hygiene.

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Positioning assistance for stroke patients in the dental chair

Stroke survivors with hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body) require careful positioning in the dental chair to ensure safety and comfort. Caregivers may assist with positioning.

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What is atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a condition where fatty deposits build up in arteries, narrowing them and leading to reduced blood flow. This can lead to blood clots and strokes.

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What are thrombolytics?

Thrombolytics are medications used to dissolve blood clots, often used in ischemic strokes.

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What are antiplatelet and anticoagulants?

Antiplatelet and anticoagulants are medications used to prevent blood clots, often used after a stroke to prevent further strokes.

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How can dental problems lead to stroke?

Oral health problems, such as gum disease, can increase the risk of stroke by promoting inflammation and blood clots, which can travel to the brain.

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What are some risk factors for stroke?

Risk factors for stroke include age over 50, genetic conditions like sickle cell disease, unhealthy lifestyle choices like smoking and poor diet, frequent migraines, combined contraceptive pill use, and certain medical conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes.

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Study Notes

Stroke Overview

  • Stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked or there is bleeding in the brain
  • Two main types: Ischemic and Hemorrhagic strokes
  • Ischemic stroke: Caused by blood vessel blockage, depriving brain cells of oxygen and nutrients
  • Hemorrhagic stroke. Caused by a burst blood vessel in the brain, causing bleeding and putting pressure on brain cells, damaging them

Stroke Facts

  • A stroke happens every five minutes
  • Approximately 100,000 people experience a stroke each year
  • 3 out of 10 stroke survivors will have a second stroke
  • Around 1.3 million stroke survivors are in the UK
  • About 80% of strokes are preventable by lifestyle changes

Warning Signs (BE FAST)

  • Balance: Loss of balance, dizziness, or blurred vision
  • Eyes: Blurred vision or double vision
  • Face: Drooping on one side of the face
  • Arms: Weakness or numbness in an arm
  • Speech: Difficulty speaking or slurred speech
  • Time: Time to call for emergency help immediately

Causes of Stroke

  • Risk factors increase with age (over 50)
  • Genetic conditions, such as sickle cell disease
  • Unhealthy lifestyle (poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol)
  • Frequent or severe migraines
  • Taking combined contraceptive pills
  • Pregnancy and post-childbirth hormonal fluctuations
  • Certain conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and high cholesterol are also significant risk factors

Stroke Treatment

  • Initial (First 24 hours):
    • Thrombolysis (clot-dissolving medication) for ischemic strokes
    • Thrombectomy (surgically removing blood clots) for larger clots
    • Draining fluid to relieve pressure for hemorrhagic strokes or brain swelling
  • Long-term prevention:
    • Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) to prevent blood clots
    • Blood pressure medications
    • Cholesterol-lowering medications (statins)

Dental Implications

  • Oral Motor Dysfunction: Facial paralysis, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), reduced tongue control, increased risk of aspiration pneumonia
  • Speech and effective oral hygiene: Difficulties and reduced ability to perform oral hygiene tasks
  • Medication side effects: Anticoagulants increase bleeding risk, xerostomia (dry mouth) increases caries risk, motor impairments, and cognitive limitations may affect oral hygiene
  • Higher levels of decay, missing teeth, and periodontitis due to poor oral hygiene practices or cognitive decline associated with stroke.
  • Periodontal disease and stroke risk: A bidirectional relationship exists

Dental Treatment Modifications

  • Adaptive tools: Modified toothbrushes, electric toothbrushes, specialized grips, and suction toothbrushes
  • Prescription fluoride toothpaste: To address dry mouth (xerostomia)
  • Positioning and assistance: Chair positioning adjustments, caregiver assistance, and help with positioning due to paralysis or weakness
  • Scheduling and communication adjustments: Appointments scheduled several months after stroke, extra time allocated, and effective communication strategies for speech difficulties
  • Xerostomia and dysphagia management: Saliva substitutes, increased hydration, sugarless gum, alcohol-free mouth rinses, and modified diets for swallowing issues

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