Stress Response to Physical Stress

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Questions and Answers

According to the polyvagal theory, which of the following statements is true about the nonmyelinated 'collapse' part of the vagal circuit?

Is made of afferent fibers running from the heart to the medulla oblongata

Can override the more recently evolved, myelinated part of the vagus system

Enhances immune function while lowering blood pressure

Can be overridden by the more recently evolved vagal circuit, which promotes safety and thriving (correct)

In comparing tachograms of different emotional states, the one that shows an appreciative pattern will have what kind of wave form?

A high-amplitude, erratic wave form

A smooth, regular, low-amplitude or shallow wave form

A smooth, regular, high-amplitude sine wave form (correct)

A flat line with little variability

When teaching a patient a healthy breathing practice, what is the ideal pattern to have them practice?

To have them practice gradually slowing their breathing from their current norm down to four to six breaths/minute, with exhales being longer than inhales (correct)

To ask them to sit up as straight as possible and practice taking a deep long inhale and not focus too much on the exhale

Practice the yoga energizing breath technique with 10 short, powerful in and out breaths through one nostril while occluding the other

To ask them to aim for between eight and ten breaths/minute, as anything slower will cause stress or anxiety

Guided imagery may be described as:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Guided imagery is remarkably safe. Which of the following precautions should NOT be taken when using guided imagery?

It is used to explore issues of childhood trauma and abuse Signup and view all the answers

All of the following can be helped by guided imagery except:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

True or False: It is important for someone to read a person's journaling to give feedback and help process the information.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions does NOT have the best evidence for the therapeutic effects of journaling?

Diabetes control Signup and view all the answers

All of these are important in prescribing journaling except:

Encouraging writing about stressful events, even if the individual does not feel ready to explore them Signup and view all the answers

Meditation can cure which of the following conditions?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate recommendation for a beginner learning to meditate?

Sit comfortably and still with 'resting eyes' Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three Ps of mindfulness in medicine?

Positive attitude Signup and view all the answers

When responding to a patient opening up to expressing grief and suffering, what might be an optimal initial response by a clinician?

'Tell me about it' or similar encouragement Signup and view all the answers

Improving health outcomes is closely related to healthy behaviors. Which is the most powerful factor that will empower patient action toward these behaviors?

Using a connection to that which gives the individual's life meaning to see how a behavior may help this grow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the noise reduction approach to managing insomnia?

Decreasing psychophysiological activation associated with hyperarousal Signup and view all the answers

What kind of disrupted temperature rhythm is commonly associated with sleep onset insomnia?

A delayed circadian temperature rhythm Signup and view all the answers

New research suggests that insomnia patients who do not have access to behavioral sleep medicine specialists might effectively be treated in primary care by?

A brief, single-session of sleep restriction therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which formulation and administration of melatonin is indicated for sleep maintenance insomnia or early morning awakenings?

Immediate release sublingual formulations administered at awakening Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the immediate reaction of the stress response during physical stress such as blood loss?

The central and sympathetic nervous systems are simultaneously activated. Signup and view all the answers

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in:

Increase in heart rate and vasodilation. Signup and view all the answers

During the relaxation response:

Slow alpha brain waves and heart rate variability increase. Signup and view all the answers

Relaxation has been associated with:

Increased telomere length. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT associated with the relaxation response?

Inhibition of salivation Signup and view all the answers

Meditation has been shown to result in the following changes:

Increased communication between the right and left hemispheres through the corpus callosum. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following statements about hypnosis is true:

Hypnosis is a state of trance, or inner absorption that can naturally occur many times during the day. Signup and view all the answers

The person most likely to benefit from guided imagery is:

A 69-year-old mathematician who has mild cognitive decline. Signup and view all the answers

The most utilized application of clinical hypnosis is for:

Pain Signup and view all the answers

Progressive Muscle Relaxation:

Has evidence for improvement of quality of life in patients with cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Brain structural and functional changes with yoga have been observed:

After 4 weeks of yoga practice. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stress Response

The immediate reaction to physical stress, such as blood loss, is the activation of the brainstem and hypothalamus, which leads to the secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH).
The stress response involves the simultaneous activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

Relaxation Response

The relaxation response is characterized by slow alpha brain waves, increased heart rate variability, and decreased oxygen consumption.
It is associated with increased telomere length, which is a marker of cellular aging.

Meditation

Meditation has been shown to result in increased communication between the right and left hemispheres of the brain through the corpus callosum.
It has been associated with improved telomere length and decreased inflammation.

Hypnosis

Hypnosis is a state of trance, or inner absorption, that can naturally occur many times during the day.
It is commonly used for pain management and is statistically more successful than standard medical therapy for functional abdominal pain in children.

Yoga

Yoga has been shown to increase heart rate variability and enhance baroreflex sensitivity.
It has been associated with improved sleep quality and increased telomere length.

Biofeedback

Biofeedback is a technique that involves providing individuals with real-time physiological feedback to help them learn to control their bodily responses.
It has been used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, insomnia, and chronic pain.

Sleep

Normal sleep length for an adult is 7-9 hours.
Disrupted sleep patterns, such as delayed sleep wake pattern disorder, can have significant impacts on physical and mental health.

Insomnia

Insomnia is a common condition characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep.
It can be treated with a range of techniques, including cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), relaxation techniques, and sleep restriction therapy.

Relaxation Techniques

Relaxation techniques, such as progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, and yoga, can be used to help manage stress and anxiety.
These techniques can help reduce symptoms of insomnia and improve sleep quality.

Botanicals

Certain botanicals, such as chamomile, ashwagandha, and valerian, have been used to treat insomnia and other sleep disorders.
These botanicals can help promote relaxation and reduce symptoms of anxiety.

Circadian Rhythm

The circadian rhythm is a natural process that regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle.
It is controlled by a cellular process that is driven by light and is influenced by a range of factors, including lifestyle and environmental cues.

General Adaptation Syndrome

The general adaptation syndrome is a three-stage response to stress, which includes the alarm stage, the resistance stage, and the exhaustion stage.
It was first described by Dr. Hans Selye, who is known as the "father of stress."

Polyvagal Theory

The polyvagal theory is a concept that describes the relationship between the vagus nerve and the autonomic nervous system.
It was developed by Dr. Stephen Porges and is used to understand the impact of stress and trauma on the body.

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Description

Identify the immediate reaction of the stress response during physical stress, such as blood loss. Learn how the body responds to physical stress.