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Questions and Answers
According to the polyvagal theory, which of the following statements is true about the nonmyelinated 'collapse' part of the vagal circuit?
According to the polyvagal theory, which of the following statements is true about the nonmyelinated 'collapse' part of the vagal circuit?
- Is made of afferent fibers running from the heart to the medulla oblongata
- Can override the more recently evolved, myelinated part of the vagus system
- Enhances immune function while lowering blood pressure
- Can be overridden by the more recently evolved vagal circuit, which promotes safety and thriving (correct)
In comparing tachograms of different emotional states, the one that shows an appreciative pattern will have what kind of wave form?
In comparing tachograms of different emotional states, the one that shows an appreciative pattern will have what kind of wave form?
- A high-amplitude, erratic wave form
- A smooth, regular, low-amplitude or shallow wave form
- A smooth, regular, high-amplitude sine wave form (correct)
- A flat line with little variability
When teaching a patient a healthy breathing practice, what is the ideal pattern to have them practice?
When teaching a patient a healthy breathing practice, what is the ideal pattern to have them practice?
- To have them practice gradually slowing their breathing from their current norm down to four to six breaths/minute, with exhales being longer than inhales (correct)
- To ask them to sit up as straight as possible and practice taking a deep long inhale and not focus too much on the exhale
- Practice the yoga energizing breath technique with 10 short, powerful in and out breaths through one nostril while occluding the other
- To ask them to aim for between eight and ten breaths/minute, as anything slower will cause stress or anxiety
Guided imagery may be described as:
Guided imagery may be described as:
Guided imagery is remarkably safe. Which of the following precautions should NOT be taken when using guided imagery?
Guided imagery is remarkably safe. Which of the following precautions should NOT be taken when using guided imagery?
All of the following can be helped by guided imagery except:
All of the following can be helped by guided imagery except:
True or False: It is important for someone to read a person's journaling to give feedback and help process the information.
True or False: It is important for someone to read a person's journaling to give feedback and help process the information.
Which of the following conditions does NOT have the best evidence for the therapeutic effects of journaling?
Which of the following conditions does NOT have the best evidence for the therapeutic effects of journaling?
All of these are important in prescribing journaling except:
All of these are important in prescribing journaling except:
Meditation can cure which of the following conditions?
Meditation can cure which of the following conditions?
What is the most appropriate recommendation for a beginner learning to meditate?
What is the most appropriate recommendation for a beginner learning to meditate?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three Ps of mindfulness in medicine?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three Ps of mindfulness in medicine?
When responding to a patient opening up to expressing grief and suffering, what might be an optimal initial response by a clinician?
When responding to a patient opening up to expressing grief and suffering, what might be an optimal initial response by a clinician?
Improving health outcomes is closely related to healthy behaviors. Which is the most powerful factor that will empower patient action toward these behaviors?
Improving health outcomes is closely related to healthy behaviors. Which is the most powerful factor that will empower patient action toward these behaviors?
What is the primary objective of the noise reduction approach to managing insomnia?
What is the primary objective of the noise reduction approach to managing insomnia?
What kind of disrupted temperature rhythm is commonly associated with sleep onset insomnia?
What kind of disrupted temperature rhythm is commonly associated with sleep onset insomnia?
New research suggests that insomnia patients who do not have access to behavioral sleep medicine specialists might effectively be treated in primary care by?
New research suggests that insomnia patients who do not have access to behavioral sleep medicine specialists might effectively be treated in primary care by?
Which formulation and administration of melatonin is indicated for sleep maintenance insomnia or early morning awakenings?
Which formulation and administration of melatonin is indicated for sleep maintenance insomnia or early morning awakenings?
Which statement best describes the immediate reaction of the stress response during physical stress such as blood loss?
Which statement best describes the immediate reaction of the stress response during physical stress such as blood loss?
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in:
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in:
During the relaxation response:
During the relaxation response:
Relaxation has been associated with:
Relaxation has been associated with:
Which of the following is NOT associated with the relaxation response?
Which of the following is NOT associated with the relaxation response?
Meditation has been shown to result in the following changes:
Meditation has been shown to result in the following changes:
Which one of the following statements about hypnosis is true:
Which one of the following statements about hypnosis is true:
The person most likely to benefit from guided imagery is:
The person most likely to benefit from guided imagery is:
The most utilized application of clinical hypnosis is for:
The most utilized application of clinical hypnosis is for:
Progressive Muscle Relaxation:
Progressive Muscle Relaxation:
Brain structural and functional changes with yoga have been observed:
Brain structural and functional changes with yoga have been observed:
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Study Notes
Stress Response
- The immediate reaction to physical stress, such as blood loss, is the activation of the brainstem and hypothalamus, which leads to the secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH).
- The stress response involves the simultaneous activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
Relaxation Response
- The relaxation response is characterized by slow alpha brain waves, increased heart rate variability, and decreased oxygen consumption.
- It is associated with increased telomere length, which is a marker of cellular aging.
Meditation
- Meditation has been shown to result in increased communication between the right and left hemispheres of the brain through the corpus callosum.
- It has been associated with improved telomere length and decreased inflammation.
Hypnosis
- Hypnosis is a state of trance, or inner absorption, that can naturally occur many times during the day.
- It is commonly used for pain management and is statistically more successful than standard medical therapy for functional abdominal pain in children.
Yoga
- Yoga has been shown to increase heart rate variability and enhance baroreflex sensitivity.
- It has been associated with improved sleep quality and increased telomere length.
Biofeedback
- Biofeedback is a technique that involves providing individuals with real-time physiological feedback to help them learn to control their bodily responses.
- It has been used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, insomnia, and chronic pain.
Sleep
- Normal sleep length for an adult is 7-9 hours.
- Disrupted sleep patterns, such as delayed sleep wake pattern disorder, can have significant impacts on physical and mental health.
Insomnia
- Insomnia is a common condition characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep.
- It can be treated with a range of techniques, including cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), relaxation techniques, and sleep restriction therapy.
Relaxation Techniques
- Relaxation techniques, such as progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, and yoga, can be used to help manage stress and anxiety.
- These techniques can help reduce symptoms of insomnia and improve sleep quality.
Botanicals
- Certain botanicals, such as chamomile, ashwagandha, and valerian, have been used to treat insomnia and other sleep disorders.
- These botanicals can help promote relaxation and reduce symptoms of anxiety.
Circadian Rhythm
- The circadian rhythm is a natural process that regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle.
- It is controlled by a cellular process that is driven by light and is influenced by a range of factors, including lifestyle and environmental cues.
General Adaptation Syndrome
- The general adaptation syndrome is a three-stage response to stress, which includes the alarm stage, the resistance stage, and the exhaustion stage.
- It was first described by Dr. Hans Selye, who is known as the "father of stress."
Polyvagal Theory
- The polyvagal theory is a concept that describes the relationship between the vagus nerve and the autonomic nervous system.
- It was developed by Dr. Stephen Porges and is used to understand the impact of stress and trauma on the body.
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