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Which of the following symptoms are associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)? (Select all that apply)
PTSD can only occur after direct exposure to a traumatic event.
False
What is the condition called where individuals feel detached from their mental processes or body?
Depersonalization
What type of therapy is often used for treating PTSD?
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PTSD symptoms must last longer than ______ month to warrant a diagnosis.
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What is a potential harmful approach to treating trauma victims?
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Match the following PTSD symptoms with their descriptions:
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What typically triggers Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
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Victims of PTSD may relive the traumatic event through flashbacks.
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What are two common symptoms of PTSD?
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Persistent negative thoughts and feelings of __________ are common in PTSD.
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Which of the following can be a specifier for PTSD?
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What is one treatment approach for PTSD?
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Single debriefing sessions are always beneficial for trauma survivors.
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What factors contribute to vulnerability to developing PTSD?
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Study Notes
Stress-Related Disorders
- The DSM-5TR groups various disorders that develop after a stressful life event, often a traumatic or extremely stressful experience.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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PTSD typically arises from exposure to a traumatic event where the individual witnesses or experiences death, sexual violation, or serious injury.
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Learning about a traumatic event happening to a loved one, encountering traumatic details repeatedly (e.g., first responders dealing with deceased individuals), or direct exposure can all trigger PTSD.
Reexperiencing Symptoms
- Traumatic events are relived through nightmares, memories, and flashbacks.
- Flashbacks involve sudden surfacing of memories with intense emotions, feeling like one is re-experiencing the traumatic event.
Intrusive Memories and Flashbacks
- People with PTSD may experience distressing memories, nightmares, and flashbacks of a traumatic event.
Avoidance Symptoms
- People with PTSD may avoid places, people, situations, or activities that trigger memories of the traumatic event.
- They may also avoid talking about the event.
Hyperarousal and Reactivity
- People with PTSD may be hypervigilant, easily startled, have difficulty sleeping, experience angry outbursts, and have difficulty concentrating.
Negative Changes in Thinking and Mood
- People with PTSD may experience persistent negative thoughts, feelings of guilt and shame, reduced interest in activities, and social detachment.
- Individuals might blame themselves for the traumatic event.
Duration and Impairment
- Symptoms of PTSD must last for more than one month and interfere with social, occupational, or significant areas of functioning.
Specifier: With Dissociative Symptoms (Severe Cases)
- Individuals with these symptoms meet PTSD criteria.
- Experiencing ongoing or recurring symptoms of depersonalization or derealization when faced with the stressor:
- Depersonalization involves feeling detached from one's body or mind, as if observing oneself from an external perspective (e.g., feeling like being in a dream, sensing an unreal aspect of self, body, or time).
- Derealization involves a persistent feeling that surroundings are unreal (e.g., perceiving the world as dreamlike, distant, or distorted).
Specifier: With Delayed Expression
- Full diagnostic criteria for PTSD are not fulfilled until six months or more after the traumatic event. However, some symptoms may present immediately.
Prevalence of PTSD
- The prevalence of PTSD among trauma victims, including those with repeated sexual assaults, is remarkably low.
- However, its prevalence is significantly higher among women who have experienced repeated sexual assaults.
Why Do Some Develop PTSD Easier Than Others?
- Severity of trauma, personal vulnerability, lack of social support, coping mechanisms, subsequent stressors, and biological factors all contribute to PTSD development.
Treatment of PTSD
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): helps individuals process traumatic memories, modify negative thought patterns, and develop coping skills to manage symptoms.
- Psychoanalytic Therapy: focuses on reliving emotional trauma to relieve suffering through a process called catharsis.
- Psychological First-Aid and Debriefing Session for Trauma Survivors: immediate support for trauma survivors.
Beware
- Evidence suggests that single debriefing sessions, where trauma victims are forced to express their feelings of distress, can be harmful.
Medication
- Medications are often prescribed for PTSD, but are typically used in conjunction with psychotherapy.
Stress Related Disorders
- The DSM-5TR groups various disorders arising from stressful life events, particularly traumatic experiences.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- PTSD arises from exposure to traumatic events involving death, serious injury, or sexual violation.
- Exposure can be direct experience, witnessing the event, or learning about a loved one's traumatic experience.
- Repeated encounters with traumatic details can also trigger PTSD, like first responders dealing with remains.
PTSD Symptoms
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Reexperiencing: Reliving the traumatic event through memories, nightmares, and flashbacks.
- Flashbacks are intense, sudden memories that evoke feelings of reliving the event.
- Avoidance: Avoiding reminders of the trauma, including places, people, activities, or situations.
- Hyperarousal and Reactivity: Hypervigilance, being easily startled, feeling tense, difficulty sleeping, angry outbursts, and difficulty concentrating.
- Negative Changes in Thinking and Mood: Persistent negative thoughts, guilt, shame, reduced interest in activities, and social detachment. A tendency to blame oneself for the trauma.
- Duration and Impairment: Symptoms lasting more than a month, significantly affecting social, occupational, or other essential life areas.
PTSD Specifiers
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With Dissociative Symptoms (severe cases):
- Depersonalization: Feeling detached from one's mental processes or body. Experience of being an outside observer.
- Derealization: Persistent feeling that surroundings are unreal or distorted.
- With Delayed Expression: Full diagnostic criteria are not met until at least six months after the event, although some symptoms can be immediate.
PTSD Prevalence
- Prevalence is remarkably low among trauma victims.
- Higher prevalence in women who have experienced repeated sexual assaults.
PTSD Development Factors
- Severity of trauma.
- Personal vulnerability.
- Lack of social support.
- Coping mechanisms.
- Subsequent stressors.
- Biological factors.
PTSD Treatment
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Processing traumatic memories, changing negative thought patterns, and developing coping skills to manage symptoms.
- Psychoanalytic Therapy: Reliving emotional trauma to relieve suffering through catharsis.
- Psychological First-Aid and Debriefing Sessions: Help for trauma survivors, though evidence suggests a single debriefing session can be harmful.
- Medication: Various drugs can be used to address specific symptoms.
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Description
This quiz explores the key concepts related to stress-related disorders as classified in the DSM-5TR, focusing specifically on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Participants will learn about the symptoms, triggers, and experiences associated with PTSD, including reexperiencing and avoidance symptoms. Gain a deeper understanding of how traumatic events impact individuals and the classification of these disorders.
